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Lindsay: French wine Scholar > Provence > Flashcards

Provence Flashcards

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1
Q

What 3 appellations make up 96% of Provence production?

A

Côte de Provence
Coteaux d’Aix-en-Provence AOC
Coteaux Varois en Provence AOC

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2
Q

What style of wine is produced in Bandol AOC?

A

Dry white, rosé, red

Reds must be aged min of 18 months in oak

Key grape is Mourvèdre (can’t be more than 95%), plus Grenache and Cinsault

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3
Q

What style of wine is produced in Cassis AOC?

A

Dry white (71%), rosé, red

Key grapes are Clairette and Marsanne

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4
Q

How many estates are classified as Cru Classé?

A

18 (was 23 originally)

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5
Q

What are the 6 primary grapes of Provence?

A

Grenache
Cinsault
Syrah
Carignan
Vermentino (Rolle)
Mourvédre

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6
Q

What is the Rhône delta, vast largely vine-less salt marsh called?

A

Camargue

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7
Q

What chain of volcanic mountains lie between Fréjus and Cannes?

A

Massif de L’Esterel

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8
Q

What mountain range runs along the edge of the Mediterranean coast between Hyères and Fréjus?

A

Massif des Maures

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9
Q

What mountain range stretches from Toulon to Marseille?

A

Sainte-Baume

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10
Q

What mountain range runs along the coast between Marseille and Cassis?

A

Massif des Calanques

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11
Q

What is the most famous mountain of Provence thanks to paintings by Cézanne?

A

Montagne Sainte-Victoire

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12
Q

What is the name of the chain of low mountains south of Avignon?

A

Les Alpilles

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13
Q

What is the term for aromatic, resinous herbs that grow on alkaline soils (limestone soils)?

A

Garrigue (can refer to the scrub, the soil, or the fragrance of the herbs in wine)

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14
Q

What is the term for an aromatic, resinous scrub that grows on acidic, quartz-rich schist?

A

Maquis

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15
Q

What is the main soil type found in the eastern part of Provence?

A

Crystalline Schist

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16
Q

What is the main soil type found in the western part of Provence?

A

Limestone and clay

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17
Q

Who first brought viticulture to Provence and when?

A

The Phoceans in the 6th century BCE

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18
Q

Provence wines became the drink of aristocrats during which period?

A

The Middle Ages

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19
Q

Who became the first French king of Provence and when?

A

King Louis XI in 1481

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20
Q

Who was the King when Provence officially became part of France in 1486?

A

King Charles VIII (the Affable)

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21
Q

What area of Provence was most important for Cork production?

A

The Massif des Maures area

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22
Q

What was the first Provençal AOC in 1936?

A

Cassis AOC

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23
Q

What red grape is unique to the Bellet AOC?

A

Braquet Noir

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24
Q

What is the Provençal synonym for Vermentino?

A

Rolle

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25
Q

What are the training systems in Provence?

A

Older vines: Gobelet
Newer: Guyot

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26
Q

How are Provence grapes harvested in order to preserve acidity?

A

Harvested at night when grapes are cooler
Picked earlier

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27
Q

What 7 factors can affect the color of the wine?

A

The grapes used
Ripeness of the vintage
Temperature of the grapes at harvest
Winemaking method
Length of maceration
Oxygen exposure
Soil type

28
Q

What color rosé does Syrah and Mourvèdre produce?

A

Pink

29
Q

What color rosé does Tibouren produce?

A

Salmon

30
Q

How does acidity affect a wine’s color?

A

Higher acidity is more pink
Lower acidity is more salmon

31
Q

How does the winemaking method: direct press or Saignée affect color?

A

Direct press creates delicate, pale colored rosés

Saignée gives deeper colored rosés

32
Q

How can rosés achieve a more orange color?

A

Oxygen exposure
Volcanic soils (like around Massif de L’Esterel)

33
Q

What are Vins de Soif?

A

Thirst quenching wines; light bodied, crisp, refreshing

34
Q

What are Vins de Gastronomie?

A

Gastronomic wines; deeper in color, fuller bodied, more structured.
Meant to be drunk with food

35
Q

What 3 AOCs require oak aging for their red wines?

A

Fréjus
Bandol
Palette

36
Q

How many AOCs are there in Provence?

A

9

37
Q

What are the 5 DGCs of Côte de Provence AOC?

A

Sainte-Victoire
Fréjus
Notre-Dame des Anges
La Londe
Pierrefeu

38
Q

What style of wine is produced in Côtes de Provence Sainte-Victoire?

A

Red, rosé

Carbonic maceration is permitted
Reds must be aged until Aug 15th the year after harvest

39
Q

What style of wine is produced in Fréjus?

A

Red, rosé

Reds must be aged until Oct 15th the year after harvest, and spend min. 6 months in oak (foudres)

40
Q

What style of wine is produced in La Londe?

A

White, red, rosé

Reds must be aged until Aug 15th the year following harvest

41
Q

What style of wine is produced in Notre-Dame des Anges?

A

Red, rosé

Reds must be aged until Aug 15th the year after harvest

42
Q

What is the only Côtes de Provence DCG that produces white wine?

A

La Londe

43
Q

What style of wine is produced in Pierrefeu?

A

Red, rosé

Red must be aged until Oct 15th the year after harvest

44
Q

For Provence’s 1955 classification, is the estate or vineyard ranked?

A

The estate, as in Bordeaux

45
Q

What style of wine is produced in Coteaux d’Aix-en-Provence?

A

At least two grape varieties are required in the blend.

White (Vermentino dominant)

Red (Cinsault, Counoise, Grenache, Syrah, Mourvèdre)

Rosé

46
Q

What style of wine is produced in Coteaux Varois en Provence?

A

Red, white, rosé

High elevation gives fresh acidity and more delicate fruit than other AOCs

47
Q

What are the low, man made stone wall terraces called in Bandol?

A

Restanques

48
Q

What AOC is known for organic and biodynamic farming?

A

Les Baux-de-Provence

49
Q

What is the smallest Provence AOC?

A

Palette

50
Q

What is Vin Cuit?

A

A local sweet wine (from Palette) made by cooking grape must for 10 hours over an open fire to concentrate the sugars

51
Q

What percentage of Provence wine production is rosé?

A

91%

52
Q

What are Vins de Garde?

A

Wines for aging (usually red)

53
Q

Which grape is dominant in Provence’s rosé blends?

A

Grenache

54
Q

How many hours of sun does Provence receive per year?

A

Around 3,000

55
Q

What is the most significant IGP in Provence?

A

Méditerranée IGP

56
Q

Which is Provence’s most northerly AOC?

A

Pierrevert

57
Q

Which is the only Provence AOC that allows Chardonnay?

A

Bellet

58
Q

Which AOCs/DCGs mandate oak aging for their red wines?

A

Fréjus
Bandol
Palette

59
Q

What is the climate of Provence?

A

Mediterranean with some continental and alpine influences depending on appellation

60
Q

In what year was the Provence classification system created?

A

1955

61
Q

What is Provence’s largest AOC by size and volume?

A

Côtes de Provence

62
Q

What is a “baou”?

A

A rocky outcrop

63
Q

Which AOCs require hand harvesting?

A

Bandol
Palette

64
Q

What are the primary red varieties use in Bellet?

A

Braquet Noir
Fuella Nera

65
Q

What are the dominant grapes in the Cassis AOC?

A

Marsanne
Clairette

Lindsay: French wine Scholar (14 decks)

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