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Lindsay: French wine Scholar > Loire > Flashcards

Loire Flashcards

1
Q

What is tuffeau

A

A type of porous limestone found in the middle Loire

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2
Q

What are Fines Bulles

A

Fine or small bubbles; reference to sparkling wines of the Loire

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3
Q

What is Pétillant?

A

Translates as “fizzy”, or delicately sparkling wines

These wines are semi-sparkling

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4
Q

What is Pétillant Originel?

A

A sparkling wine from Montlouis-sur-Loire that has no additions such as sugar or yeast. It has one fermentation, ages on Lees for 9 months and has no dosage after disgorgement.

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5
Q

What is Mousseux?

A

“Frothy” or “bubbly”; a category of French sparkling wines

  • can be made with less demanding production standards, no min aging requirements
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6
Q

What is another name for flinty clays of Touraine and Centre Loire?

A

Argiles à silex
-or-
Perruches

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7
Q

What is the marl rich in oyster fossils in the Centre Loire called?

A

Terres Blanches

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8
Q

What are the clay/limestone soils of Touraine called?

A

Aubuis

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9
Q

What are caillottes and where are they found?

A

Small limestone pebbles of the Centre Loire

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10
Q

What is silex and where is it found?

A

Flinty clay soils of the Centre Loire

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11
Q

How long is the Loire?

A

620mi/1,000km

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12
Q

What was the Dutch influence on Loire wine?

A

Increased percentage of white varieties (Folle Blanche) so they could produce brandy (brandewijn)

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13
Q

In which Loire valley Château did Joan of Arc meet the Dauphin of France?

A

Chinon

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14
Q

What principal grape is used for dessert wines in the Loire?

A

Chenin Blanc

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15
Q

What 2 grape varieties are used for sweet wines in specific AOCs?

A

Malvoisie (Pinot Gris)
Romorantin

Must be overripe or boyrytized

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16
Q

Define Sec

A

Sec means “dry”
Wines contain less than 0.4%/4 grams per liter of residual sugar

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17
Q

Define demi-sec

A

Demi-sec means “medium dry”
Wines contain between 0.4%-1.2%/4-12 grams per liter of residual sugar

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18
Q

Define Moelleux

A

Moelleux means “medium sweet”
Wines contain between 1.2%-4.5% / 12-45 grams per liter of residual sugar

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19
Q

Define Doux

A

Doux means “sweet”
Wines contain more than 4.5% / 45 grams per liter of residual sugar

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20
Q

Fermentation is stopped by chilling to retain some sweetness in off-dry Rosé from which 2 AOCs?

A

Rosé d’Anjou
Cabernet d’Anjou

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21
Q

Rosé wines in Loire are made in what method?

A

Direct press and saignée

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22
Q

What are two synonyms for Melon de Bourgogne?

A

Melon
Muscadet

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23
Q

What grape is used to make semi-sweet wine in Coteaux d’Ancenis AOC?

A

Pinot Gris (aka Malvoisie)

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24
Q

What is a supplementary gris grape used in Fiefs Vendéens AOC?

A

Grolleau Gris

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25
Q

What is the dominant grape used in off-dry Rosé d’Anjou?

A

Grolleau Noir

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26
Q

What kind of wine is produced in Saumur AOC?

A

Dry red
Dry white
Sparkling
Rosé

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27
Q

What type of wines are produced in Savenniéres AOC?

A

Famous for dry white wines from 100% Chenin Blanc
(Semi-sweet and sweet are permitted too)

(Same with Savenniéres Roche Aux Moines AOC and Coulée de Serrant AOC)

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28
Q

What is the most important red wine AOC in Anjou-Saumur?

A

Saumur-Champigny AOC

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29
Q

What 2 AOCs of the middle Loire produce richer most complex red wines?

A

Anjou Brissac AOC
Saumur-Champigny AOC

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30
Q

What are the sweet wine AOCs in Anjou-Saumur?

A

Anjou-Coteaux de la Loire AOC
Coteaux de L’Aubance AOC
Coteaux de Saumur AOC
(All produce semi-sweet to sweet wines)

Savenniéres AOC also makes some sweet wine

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31
Q

What are the 3 most important AOCs in Anjou-Saumur for rich, complex, semi-sweet, sweet, and dessert wines?

A

Coteaux du Layon AOC
Quarts de Chaume Grand Cru AOC
Bonnezeaux AOC

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32
Q

What style of wine is produced in Anjou AOC

A

Dry white
Red
Semi-sweet to sweet white
Sparkling white and sparkling rosé

(Covers entire subregion)

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33
Q

What style of wine is produced in Rosé d’Anjou AOC?

A

Off dry rosé
From Grolleau Noir

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34
Q

What middle-Loire AOC has the largest Rosé production?

A

Cabernet d’Anjou

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35
Q

What style of wine is produced in Cabernet d’Anjou and what grapes are permitted?

A

Rosé wine with perceptible sweetness
Grapes used: Cab Sauv and Cab Franc

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36
Q

What style of wine is produce in Anjou Village AOC and what grapes are permitted?

A

Red wine

Grapes: Cab Sauv, Cab Franc

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37
Q

How many communes are permitted to produce Anjou Village red wine?

A

46
They are considered the best terroirs for red wine

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38
Q

What style of wine is produced in Rosé de Loire AOC?

A

Dry rosé

(Covers all of Anjou-Saumur and Touraine)

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39
Q

What area does Crémant de Loire AOc cover and what style of wine is produced there?

A

Covers all of Anjou-Saumur and Touraine

Produces sparkling wines in the traditional method

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40
Q

What is Savenniéres AOC famous for?

A

Dry wines made from 100% Chenin Blanc

41
Q

What are the soil types in Savenniéres?

A

Slate
Schist
Volcanic rock
Aeolian sands

42
Q

What makes Anjou Brissac unique?

A

A forest shelters its vineyards from cool ocean breezes, so it’s warmer and drier than its neighbors

43
Q

What style of wine is produced in Anjou Brissac and with what grapes?

A

Only dry red wine
Lower yields than Anjou Village
Cab Franc dominates, but Cab Sauv is permitted

44
Q

What style of wines are produced in Saumur AOC?

A

Dry white: 100% Chenin Blanc

Red: primarily Cab Franc, with Cab Sauv or Pineau d’Aunis

Dry Rosé: blend of Cab Franc and Cab Sauv

White & Rosé sparkling: biggest production for this AOC

45
Q

Name the red wine producing DGC within the Saumur AOC

A

Puy-Notre-Dame

(Using Cabernet Franc)

46
Q

What grape varieties are permitted in Saumur-Champigny AOC and what are its soil types?

A

Cab Franc
Cab Sauv
Pineau d’Aunis

Soil: tuffeau (gives elegance, soft tannins, and freshness)

47
Q

What style of wine is produced in Anjou-Coteaux de la Loire AOC?

A

Semi-sweet to sweet wines from Chenin Blanc

48
Q

What style of wine is produced in Coteaux de l’Aubance AOC?

A

Semi-sweet to sweet wines from Chenin Blanc

Selection de Grains Nobles can be added to label if grapes affected by botrytis

49
Q

What Anjou-Saumur AOC is the warmest due to forest protecting it from the Atlantic influence?

A

Coteaux de l’Aubance

(On the north and south banks of the Aubance River - a tributary of the Loire)

50
Q

What style of wine is produced in Coteaux du Layon AOC and how many DCGs does it have?

A

Semi-sweet to sweet wines from Chenin Blanc
& Selection de Grains Nobles

It has 6 DCGs

51
Q

What style of wine is produced in Bonnezeaux AOC?

A

Sweet wine from Chenin Blanc

52
Q

Explain Savenniéres Roche aux Moines AOC wine production

A
  • Yields are lower than Savenniéres
  • Hand harvesting is mandatory with minimum two passes through the vineyard
  • No chaptalization is allowed
  • famous for dry whites from Chenin, but sweet is permitted when Botrytis develops
53
Q

Explain wine production in the Coulée de Serrant AOC

A
  • This is a monopole (single vineyard, or lieu-dit) of Nicolas Joly
  • farmed biodynamically
  • harvested by hand with minimum of two passes
  • focus on dry white, but sweet is also permitted
54
Q

What AOC produces the sweetest wines in Anjou-Saumur?

A

Quarts de Chaume Grand Cru AOC

(Sweet wine from Chenin Blanc)
Grapes can be affected by Botrytis or concentrated by passerillage

55
Q

What is passerillage?

A

Late harvesting - leaving the grapes on the vine longer in order to increase the sugars

56
Q

Which Anjou-Saumur AOC produces the most rosé?

A

Cabernet d’Anjou AOC

Also has the highest minimum sugar (1%)

57
Q

What are the 3 sparkling wine AOCs of Anjou-Saumur?

A

Saumur AOC
Anjou AOC
Crémant de Loire AOC

58
Q

What are the rules for Sparkling wine in Saumur AOC?

A
  • can be white or rosé
  • must be made in traditional method
  • aged sur lie for at least 9 months
  • Chenin is the primary grape for white, Cab Franc for rosé (all other Saumur grapes are permitted)
59
Q

What are the production rules for Crémant de Loire?

A
  • white or rosé
  • must be traditional method
  • aged sur lie for at least 9 months
  • typically made using Chenin, Cab Franc, and/or Chardonnay
  • can be vintage or non-vintage
  • larges houses account for 80% of production
60
Q

What is Pét-Nat?

A

Pétillant Naturel or Méthode Ancestrale are sparkling wines produced by the ancestral method.

61
Q

What is the Méthode Ancestral?

A

Wines can be produced in two ways:
1. Partially fermented must is chilled and bottled to produce a lightly sparkling wine with perceptible sugar and sentiment from dead yeast
2. Partially fermented must is bottled with yeast and disgorged after 2-3 months of aging. This creates delicately sparkling wine with sweetness but not sediment

62
Q

What rare grape is grown exclusively in Cour-Cheverny in Touraine?

A

Romorantin

63
Q

What style of wine is produced in Touraine AOC?

A

Dry white
Rosé
Red
white, rosé sparkling wine

64
Q

Touraine AOC whites are usually made from what grapes?

A

Sauvignon Blanc

65
Q

Explain Touraine AOC rosé production

A

Dry
Must be a blend of 2 approved grapes
No singled variety can be more than 70% of the blend

66
Q

What are the two primary red grapes of Touraine AOC

A

West of Tours: Cab Franc
East of Tours: Côt (Malbec)

67
Q

Name the 9 DCGs of Muscadet Sévre et Maine

A
  1. Château-Thébaud
  2. Goulaine
  3. Clisson
  4. Gorges
  5. Monnières-Saint-Fiacre
  6. Mouzillon-Tillières
  7. Le Pallet
  8. La Haye-Fouassière
  9. Vallet
68
Q

What kind of wine is produced in Touraine Noble Joué AOC and how?

A

Only rosé wine
Distinctive vin gris from a blend of Meunier, Pinot Noir, and Pinot Gris
Made via direct press and is always dry
Meunier can be given brief maceration

69
Q

What grapes are allowed in Rosé de Loire AOC?

A

Grolleau Gris
Grolleau
Cab Franc
Cab Sauv
Gamay
Pineau d’Aunis
Pinot Noir

70
Q

What style of wine is produced in Valençay AOC and with what grapes?

A

Dry white, rosé, and red wine
Whites are mostly Sauvignon Blanc
Red and Rosé blends are based on Gamay

71
Q

What is Loire’s largest red wine producing AOC?

A

Chinon AOC

72
Q

What style of wine is produced in Chinon AOC?

A

Famous for its reds (Cab Franc, with Cab Sauv permitted in the blend)

Dry white (100% Chenin) and Rosé are also produced

73
Q

What style of wine is produced in Bourgueil AOC?

A

Red and rosé wine

Dominated by Cab Franc, with Cab Sauv permitted

74
Q

What style of wine is produced in Saint-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil AOC?

A

Red and rosé wine

Dominated by Cab Franc, with Cab Sauv permitted

75
Q

What style of wine is produced in Vouvray?

A

Only white wine: dry, semi-sweet, sweet, & sparkling

Made from Chenin Blanc (small amounts of Orbois may be used)

76
Q

What middle Loire AOC is the largest white wine producer by volume?

A

Vouvray AOC

77
Q

60% of Vouvray’s wine production is what? And how is it made?

A

Mousseux and Pétillant
Made by methode traditionnelle with a minimum of 12 months sur lie aging before release

78
Q

What style of wine is produced in Montlouis-sur-Loire AOC?

A

Only white wine made from 100% Chenin Blanc

Dry, semi-sweet, sweet, and sparkling

79
Q

What style of wine is produced in Cheverny AOC?

A

Dry white, rosé, and red wines

Grapes permitted:
White: Sauv Blanc, Chard, Orbois, Chenin
Rose/Gris: Sauv Gris
Red: Pinot Noir, Côt, Gamay

80
Q

What style of wine is produced in Cour-Cheverny AOC?

A

White wine from Romorantin.
Mostly dry but sweet wines are made

81
Q

What style of wine is produced in Orléans AOC?

A

Dry white, rosé, and red wine

Reds and Rosés are primarily Meunier

Whites are mostly Chardonnay with Pinot Gris as a permitted blending partner

82
Q

What style of wine is produced in Orléans-Cléry AOC?

A

Only red wine from Cabernet Franc

83
Q

What are the four sparkling AOCs of Touraine?

A

Touraine AOC
Vouvray AOC
Crémant de Loire AOC
Montlouis-sur-Loire AOC

84
Q

What grape is used in the Pouilly-sur-Loire AOC?

A

100% Chasselas

85
Q

What grapes are used in the Menetou-Salon AOC?

A

Reds/Rosés: 100% Pinot Noir
Whites: 100% Sauv Blanc

86
Q

What are the reds and rosés of Sancerre made from?

A

100% Pinot Noir

87
Q

Which two Centre-Loire AOCs are located near the Cher River?

A

Quincy
Reuilly

88
Q

Which Centre-Loire AOC is the highest in elevation?

A

Sancerre AOC

89
Q

What style of wine is produced in Quincy AOC?

A

Dry whites from mainly Sauvignon Blanc
(Sauvignon Gris can be a minor blending partner)

90
Q

What style of wine is produced in Reuilly AOC?

A

Whites from 100% Sauvignon Blanc
Reds from 100% Pinot Noir
Rosés from Pinot Noir and/or Pinot Gris

91
Q

What are the 4 AOCs of the Upper Loire?

A

Saint-Pourçain
Côtes d’Auverge
Côtes Roannaise
Côtes du Forez

92
Q

What is the most widely grown grape in the Loire?

A

Cabernet Franc

93
Q

What is the smallest of the Muscadet AOCs?

A

Muscadet Coteaux de la Loire

94
Q

Which grape variety will be permitted up to 10% of the blend in Muscadet AOC wines?

A

Chardonnay

95
Q

What is the most important wine style in Saumur AOC?

96
Q

The Arnon River flows through which Centre-Loire AOC?

97
Q

What style of wine is produced in Gros Plant du Pays Nantais?

A

Dry white from Folle Blanche

98
Q

What style of wine is produced in Coteaux d’Ancenis?

A

Semi-sweet white from Pinot Gris (aka Malvoisie)

Red from Gamay (Cab Franc can be used)

Lindsay: French wine Scholar (14 decks)

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