Protozoa, Cestodes & Trematodes Flashcards
Single-celled organisms with multiple stages
Protozoa
Cestodes
Tapeworms
(Flukes) are parasitic flatworms with unique life cycles involving sexual reproduction in mammalian and other vertebrate definitive hosts and asexual reproduction in snail intermediate hosts
Trematodes
What Cestode causes cystic hydatid disease in humans?
Echinococcus granulosus
What Cestode causes alveolar or hydatid disease?
Echinococcus multilocularis
Pork tapeworm
Taenia solium
Beef tapeworm
Taenia saginata
(Humans are the definitive host)
cucumber seed tapeworm/ flea tapeworm
Dipylidium caninum
Paragonimus kellicotti is a:
Trematode
What protozoa is this describing:
- Simple
- Cyst stage and Trophozoite stage (2 stages)
- Will travel to GI tract
Giardia
Which form of Giardia is an environmentally stable stage?
Cyst
(T/F) If a human or animal ingested the trophozoite form of Giardia, it will survive the stomach acid and infect the small intestines
False
(T/F) All Giardia are equally zoonotic
False
(T/F) Chlorination can completely destroy the Giardia cyst
False
What must humans ingest to become infected with Giardia?
Ingest a infective Giardia Cyst
Cryptosporidium
Oocysts include thin-walled and thick-walled oocytes. Which are the ones that never make it out into the environment?
Thin-walled = they break down while they are still in the GI tract and will initiate another round of infection called autoinfection
Cryptosporidium
Oocysts include thin-walled and thick-walled oocytes. Which one gets excreted into the environment to infect another host along the way?
Thick-walled
Toxoplasma gondii
Mode of transmission is:
- Sporulated oocysts in felid feces, environmental transmission
- Undercooked meat with tissue cysts (bradyzoites)
- Cross-contamination in kitchen
What species can serve as a Definitive Host for Hammondia (not a zoonotic parasite)?
Cats
There are 20 different species of:
Leishmania
What species is considered a reservoir for Leishmania in areas where it is endemic?
Dogs
Cutaneous leishmaniasis:
skin lesions
Visceral leishmaniasis:
affects organs, spleen, liver, BM
Some physical manifestations of canine visceral leishmaniasis are caused by:
Leishmania infantum
Result of accidental consumption of soil, water, or food that has been contaminated by the fecal matter of an infected dog/canid (_________) or human (________) using poor hygiene
E. granulosus, T. solium
Can humans as an intermediate host for cestodes be harmed by the intermediate host stages (metacestode)?
Yes
Echinococcus spp.
- E. granulosis: _____________ hydatid cysts
- E. multilocularis: _______________ hydatid cyst
Unilocular, Multilocular
Taenia spp
- T. solium: ______________ (cysticerci, plural)
- T. saginata (no IH host in humans, humans are ________)
Cysticercus, the definitive host (going to find the adult tapeworm in the small intestines)
Treatment and prevention for T. solium:
Anthelmintics -> ________________
Praziquantel in humans
What is the following describing:
The definitive host becomes infected when they ingest an infected flea or infected flea larvae from the environment
Dipylidium caninum
lung fluke, pneumonia
Paragonimus kellicotti (trematode)
How do humans and dogs get infected with Paragonimus kellicotti?
Through the ingestion of an undercooked or raw intermediate host stage that has the metacercariae stage in its tissue
