Module 1: One Health

Question 1

Which drug used in honey bees to treat a common bacterial disease requires a Veterinary Feed Directive (VFD) from a licensed Veterinarian before administration in the feed?

Answer 1

Oxytetracycline
* Only one that is FDA approved for EFB

Question 2

Parasite
- Honey bee ectoparasite
- Introduced in North America in 1987
- Mechanical and Biological vectors of many bee viruses
- #1 killer of honey bees
- Affect bee immune system
- Accelerate the replication of latent viruses

Answer 2

Varroa Mite (Varroa destructor)

Question 3

Two diseases are commonly treated with medically-important antibiotics and require veterinary oversight:

Answer 3

• American Foulbrood (Paenibacillus larvae)
• European Foulbrood (Melissococcus pluton)

Question 4

Pesticides
- Neurotoxin acting as an antagonist of insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)
* The main issue is that it is causing sublethal effects, such as reproduction, foraging, memory loss, overwintering, and homing (can’t find way home)

Answer 4

Neonicotinoids

Question 5

Bees fed _________ diets live longer and have improved immune function

Answer 5

polyfloral

Question 6

What is required in order to constitute a veterinarian-client-patient relationship (VCPR) in the State of Ohio?

Answer 6

• The veterinarian assumes responsibility for making clinical judgments regarding the health of the patient and the need for medical treatment/services
• Veterinarian has sufficient knowledge of the patient to initiate a general or preliminary diagnosis
• Veterinarian is readily available for a follow-up evaluation (or has arranged for emergency coverage)
• Veterinarian has performed a “recent” physical examination of the patient