Leptospirosis

Question 1

(T/F) Leptospirosis is different types of diseases produced by different species of pathogenic Leptospira

Answer 1

True

Question 2

What are the preventive measures that you will put in place if you have leptospirosis in your differential list?

Answer 2

• Take extra precaution when handling soiled bedding and cleaning cages/runs
• Cover abrasions, wounds, and any other open skin lesions before manipulating the patient
• Use PPE, such as eye protection and gloves, especially when manipulating the genital area and/or collecting a urine sample
• Wash your hands immediately after removal

Question 3

What are important questions to identify potential risk factors associated with leptospirosis?

Answer 3

• Has this animal been in contact with wildlife or their contaminated environment?
• Does this animal live in an urban area with a high rodent population?
• Is this animal a herding/hunting or other working dogs?
• Does this animal frequently visit dog parks or kennels?

Question 4

Your patient is positive for Leptospira interrogans, serovar icterohaemorrhagica. Based on this information, which animal was the likely source of infection for this patient and your target for control?

Answer 4

Rats

Question 5

What is the main reservoir for Icterohaemorrhagiae, Grippotyphosa, and Autumnalis?

Answer 5

Rodents

Question 6

The main reservoir for Leptospira Pomona happens to be:

Answer 6

Pigs
(Recently in the US there has been an increase of an adapted cerebral Pomona to horses)

Question 7

What is the most critical Leptospira for cattle?

Answer 7

Leptospira hardjo
(Produce severe abortions)

Question 8

The main reservoir for Canicola is:

Answer 8

Dogs

Question 9

Is commonly found in the state of Ohio in Raccoons and other wildlife animals:

Answer 9

Grippotyphosa

Question 10

Pomona also has seen a little bit of spillover and settle-down reservoirs like:

Answer 10

• Deers
• White-tailed deers
• Opossum
• Other mammals in the wildlife

Question 11

Where does the leptospira “hide” in the animals? (Long-Term Carriers (live) )

Answer 11

In the Renal Tubes

Question 12

Other mammals are common temporary reservoirs for different Leptospira serovars

Answer 12

Short term carriers

Question 13

(T/F) Vertical transmission of Lepto has been reported in both animals and humans

Answer 13

False, animals only

Question 14

(T/F) The evolution of the infection and the severity of the illness will depend on the level of adaptation of a serovar to the infected host

Answer 14

True

Question 15

(T/F) L. icterohaemorrhagiae will not kill humans

Answer 15

False, it is very fatal to humans

Question 16

Subclinic form in Bovive: serovar __________

Answer 16

hardjo (Adapted)

Question 17

Chronic form in Bovine: serovar ____________

Answer 17

hardjo (Adapted)

Question 18

Acute form: serovar ____________

Answer 18

pomona (non- adapted)

Question 19

What is the #1 infectious cause of Acute Renal (kidney) Failure in dogs in the USA?

Answer 19

Leptospirosis

Question 20

(T/F) Infection of Lepto is very common in cats

Answer 20

False, in cats is very rare the infection
(urine in cats is very acidic, with very LOW pH)