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Useless stuff they want me to know > Protozoa > Flashcards

Protozoa Flashcards

1
Q

Amebae=

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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2
Q

Infections of Entamoeba histolytica

A

Amebiasis= 3rd most common cause of death from parasite

Amebic Dysentery, which can disseminate

Liver abscess (usu develops within 5 mos; responds to metronidazole w/o resection)

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3
Q

only one that can eat RBCs!

A

Entamoeba histolytica ( Amebae)

diagnosis= Trophozoites in tissue or feces

Gal/GalNAc Antigen detected in stool

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4
Q

Entamoeba histolytica rx

A

Colitis or Abscess: Tinidazole or Metronidazole

Luminal Infection: Paromomycin, Iodoquinol

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5
Q

3rd most common cause of death from parasite

A

Amebiasis= Infections of Entamoeba histolytica

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6
Q

Giardia lamblia diagnosis

A

Cysts/trophozoites in stools

Immunofluor or ELISA for antigen in stool

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7
Q

Giardia lamblia rx

A

Tinidazole or Metronidazole

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8
Q

Usually sexually transmitted

No cyst forms are found

A

Trichomonas (Flagellates)

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9
Q

Trichomonas life

A

No cyst forms are found

Pear-shaped trophozoite with 4 anterior flagella and undulating membrane

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10
Q

Trichomonas s/s

A

Females: frothy yellow vaginal discharge, inflammation, itching. strawberry cervix

Males: urethra, seminal vesicles and prostate may be infected; usu asymp but can have white urethral discharge

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11
Q

Sleeping Sickness

A

Flagellates

T. brucei rhodesiense (East Africa) antelope and cattle, acute disease

T. brucei gambiense (West Africa) humans only, chronic disease

Transmitted via Tsetse flies

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12
Q

Trypanosoma diagnosis

A

IgM Ab in CSF is diagnostic for encephalitic phase of illness

Trypomastigote in blood, CSF, or biopsy

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13
Q

Trypanosoma Rx

A

Suramin & Melarsoprol

Sleeping Sickness

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14
Q

Chagoma (lesion)

A

T. cruzi (Flagellates)

at bite
Fever, LAD, HSM, heart damage in 2 weeks –> severe and last for 6 months

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15
Q

painless periorbital edema if conjunctiva=portal of entry)

Chronic disease usu dilated cardiomyopathy, thromboembolism

A

Romana’s sign= T. cruzi (Flagellates)

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16
Q

“C” shaped trypanosome in blood is diagnostic

A

T. cruzi (Flagellates)

17
Q

20 different species cause disease in humans (via 30 types of sandflies)

A

Leishmania (Flagellates)

18
Q

Nitrofurtimox treats

A

chaga

19
Q

Leishmania amastigote

A

no flagella; only in humans

20
Q

Leishmania promastigote

A

+flagella; only in insects

21
Q

Sodium stibugluconate treats?

A

Leishmania (Flagellates)

22
Q

Major cause of intractable diarrhea in AIDS pts

Self-limited diarrhea in immunocompetent

A

Cryptosporidium (Coccidia)

23
Q

can be highly lethal, sx take 3-12 mos; can cause kala azar=black disease where white skin becomes darkly pigmented

A

Visceral Leishmaniasis

24
Q

Invade young RBCs

Establish a dormant hepatic phase –> late relapses

A

Plasmodium P. vivax and P. ovale (Coccidia)

Malaria

Natural immunity is short-lived; continual re-infection is required to maintain it

25
Q

Malaria affects > _____ and causes 1-3 million deaths/yr

A

1 billion

26
Q

Invasde old RBCs

A

P. malariae (Coccidia)

Malaria

Natural immunity is short-lived; continual re-infection is required to maintain it

27
Q

Primarily tropics/subtropics

Can invade RBCs of all ages=highest parasitemia and mortality

A

P. falciparum (Coccidia)

Malaria

Natural immunity is short-lived; continual re-infection is required to maintain it

28
Q

Malaria s/s

A

anemia
hemolysis (black water fever)
Jaundice, hypotension, tachycardia hepatosplenomegaly
death from multiorgan failure

29
Q

Fever paroxysm with periodicity

 Vivax and ovale=48hrs
 Malariae= 72 hrs
 Falciparum=_____

A

36-48 hrs

30
Q

Fever paroxyms with periodicity
 Vivax and ovale=____
 Malariae= 72 hrs
 Falciparum=36-48 hrs

A

48hrs

31
Q

anemia
hemolysis (black water fever)
Jaundice, hypotension, tachycardia hepatosplenomegaly
death from multiorgan failure

A

Malaria

32
Q

Rapid Antibody test for PfHRP2 or LDH antigens

A

P. falciparum= diagnosis

33
Q

Fever paroxyms with periodicity
 Vivax and ovale=48hrs
 Malariae= ____
 Falciparum=36-48 hrs

A

72 hrs

34
Q

Ring forms and all RBC infected; little to no schizonts in smear (they are in the capillaries, bind ECs , prone to thrombus)

A

P. falciparum= diagnosis

35
Q

Malaria Treatment

A

Chloroquine

Primaquine (latent ovale/vivax)

Quinine, Mefloquine, or Malarone for resistant P. falciparum

Minimize mosquito contact (i.e. mosquito nets, avoid stagnant water, etc)

Vaccines in development, none approved thus far

Useless stuff they want me to know (15 decks)

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