ppt Medical Mycology: The Invasive Fungi

Question 1

What do these have in common

Blastomyces
Histoplasma
Coccidioides
Sporothrix
Paracoccidioides
P. marneffei

Answer 1

DIMORPHIC FUNGI

Question 2

What do these have in common

Candida
Cryptococcus
Pneumocystis

Answer 2

YEASTS

Question 3

Hyaline would be?

Answer 3

Aspergillus

Question 4

Mucorales is?

Answer 4

Mucor
Rhizopus
Rhizomucor

Question 5

Where does cryptococcus neo grow?

Answer 5

Pigeon droppings

Question 6

What is Cryptococcus gattii

Answer 6

Related to crypt neo, but likes to live in Eucalyptus trees

Caused an outbreak in Vancouver

Question 7

Cryptococcus gattii is known for?

Answer 7

Causing disease in healthy people

Neo usually causes disease in immunocompromised

Question 8

cryptococcus neoformis will usually cause

Answer 8

Non inflammatory Meningoencephalitis

Organism gums up the works and blocks CSF flow–> ↑ intracranial pressure

Question 9

cryptococcus neoformis may also rarely cause?

Answer 9

Disseminated disease: skin, brain abscess, etc.

Pulmonary nodules

Question 10

Best way to test for cryptococcus neoformis

Answer 10

Dipstick CSF test

For Boards: Latex agglutination, India Ink stain

Question 11

cryptococcus neoformis has this unique thing for ID

Answer 11

Melanin - Grows brown on Birdseed agar

Bird poo, bird seed

Question 12

Biopsy (pseudohyphae with yeast)

Answer 12

Systemic Candidiasis
C. albicans
C. tropicalis
C. parapsilosis
C. glabrata

Question 13

Common places candida goes

Answer 13

Dots on skin
Vertebral
Kidney (can ascend from urinary catheter)
*Eye

Question 14

How much blood do you need to test for bloodstream infections

Answer 14

8-10 mL

Question 15

A ________ is an outgrowth produced by spores of spore-releasing fungi during germination. It differentiates, grows, and develops by mitosis to create somatic hyphae.

Answer 15

germ tube

• Invades Tissue

Seen at 37 deg for candida

Question 16

What is in candida cell wall

Answer 16

(1,3)- beta-D glucan (Fungitell)

apparently you can test for this, but it’s a bad test

Question 17

Human microbiome

Candida vs Aspergillus

Answer 17

Human microbiome= Candida

Question 18

Allergic sx

Candida vs Aspergillus

Answer 18

Allergic sx= Aspergillus

Question 19

Fungus balls

Candida vs Aspergillus

Answer 19

Candida= urine 
Aspergillus= respiratory

Question 20

Mucosal

Candida vs Aspergillus

Answer 20

Mucosal= Candida

Question 21

Sinus, Lung (*cavities), Skin

Candida vs Aspergillus

Answer 21

Sinus, Lung (*cavities), Skin= aspergillus

Question 22

Necrosis, infarction

Candida vs Aspergillus

Answer 22

Necrosis, infarction= asprigilus

Question 23

Aspergillus Fumigatus grows what color

Answer 23

Pigment on top of culture (greenish) and on bottom tan/pale

*Pigmented colony with a white apron
Narrow septate hyphae 45 deg branching

Question 24

Treatment with deferoxamine –> Iron overload –> ________

Answer 24

Infection with “bread mod” aka

Order Mucorales
Rhizopus spp
Rhizomucor spp
Mucor spp

Question 25

Diabetes mellitus, espc. DKA

or Glucocorticoids –>

Answer 25

Order Mucorales infections

Question 26

Mucormycosis

Rhino-orbital-cerebral

Answer 26

• -DM patient gets black thing on hard palate
• -Face starts to swell
• -Invades orbital cavity, compromises Blood supply or cranial nerve

Mortality w/ Rx
~25% if confined to sinus
~100% if extends to brain

Question 27

Black Molds =

Answer 27

=Dematiaceous moulds
Phaeohyphomycosis

Generally a soil thing, can cause cutaneous stuff

“Soil saprophytes, Direct inoculation”