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Useless stuff they want me to know > Pico > Flashcards

Pico Flashcards

1
Q

Enteroviruses

A

Acid stable virion

common between June and November
Fever and rash in kids
URIS in kids and adults
Aseptic meningitis (more severe in adults compared to kids)

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2
Q

Rhinoviruses

A

Fomites-Hand-to-Eyes or aerosol transmission
NOT acid stable (degrades in GI tract)
100 serotypes

Upper respiratory
Most frequent cause of common cold

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3
Q

Hepatitis A Viruses

A

Acid stable virion (survive GI tract, can be spread via fecal-oral route)
Fecal-oral or contaminated food

Pharynx/intestine
Acute Hepatitis
Cases reduced from 100,000/yr to 10,000/yr post vaccine

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4
Q

Polioviruses

A

Acid stable virion (survive GI tract–> can be spread via fecal-oral route)

For every 100 with poliovirus in stool

  • 90-95 asymptomatic
  • 4-8 have minor illness (–URI, flue-like)
  • 1-2 aseptic meningitis
  • 0.1-1 paralytic disease
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5
Q

Polio can be eradicated because

A

o Only affects humans (no animal reservoirs)
o Effective, inexpensive vaccines
o Immunity is life-long
o There are no long-term carriers
o Virus can’t survive long outside the body
o Eradication=complete elimination to the point where vaccination is no longer needed (only happened with small pox)

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6
Q

WHO strategy for polio eradication

A

o Routine OPV immunization
o Enhanced surveillance
 Mopping up immunization activities- door-to-door immunization of polio patient community

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7
Q

Pitfalls in Polio Eradication

A

individuals may persistently shed virus (rare); transmission of OPV vaccine strains following cessation of vaccination; vaccine strains revert to wildtype; reemergence of wildtype from other sources (frozen fecal samples, undetected sources in population, terrorists, etc)

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8
Q

IPV: Inactivated Polio Vaccine

A

o Killed, injected, no vaccine-assoicated disease
o Protective IgG
o Limited mucosal immunity, more expensive that OPV
o As of 2000, CDC recommends exclusive use of IPV

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9
Q

OPV=live attenuated polio

A

o Live attenuated; oral, inexpensive
o Systemic AND mucosal immunity
o Vaccine-associated poliomyelitis (VAPP) 1/500,000

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10
Q

Coxsackievirues

A

Acid stable virion

Coxsackievirus A can cause Hand-Foot and Mouth Disease highly infectious, usually resolves in 1 wk

Coxsackievirus A24 can cause hemorrhagic conjunctivitis

Coxsackievirus B in acute myocarditis and pericarditis

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11
Q

Coxsackievirus A

A

can cause Hand-Foot and Mouth Disease highly infectious, usually resolves in 1 wk

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12
Q

Coxsackievirus A24

A

can cause hemorrhagic conjunctivitis

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13
Q

Coxsackievirus B

A

in acute myocarditis and pericarditis

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14
Q

Echoviruses

A

Acid stable virion

Enteric, Cytopathic, Human, Orphan virus = ECHO (orphan=no disease association)

aseptic meningitis

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15
Q

Picornaviruses

Basics

A

small, nonenveloped, icosahedral viruses.

single-stranded, positive sense RNA genome

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16
Q

Are pico’s unique to people

A

No they like to live in everybody

Humans, apes and monkeys, pigs, cattle, mice, seals, shrimp, tortoises, birds and bees, and plants are some of the hosts infected by viruses in the Picornavirales order.

17
Q

What are the group C Enteroviruses

A

Polioviruses
Coxsackieviruses
some Enteroviruses

RNA recombination occurs frequently among members of each species group

18
Q

approaches to polio vaccines can eradicate the capsid genes of poliovirus; however, the remainder of polio genomes will survive indefinitely within ________

A

other group C enteroviruses.

19
Q

What molecules of the virus & host define serotypes

A

Epitopes on capsid proteins recognized by antibodies that neutralize infectivity.

20
Q

Most non polio virus circulating is

A

ECHO

21
Q

Most non polio virus circulating is causing?

A 
Aseptic Meningitis
Encephalitis
Paralysis (AFP)
Respiratory Illness
Myocarditis
Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease
22
Q

Picornaviruses, the Most Common Respiratory Virus Causing Infection among ______________?

A

Patients of All Ages Hospitalized with Acute Respiratory Illness

~25% of all patients……most frequent cause in all age groups.

23
Q

When are seasonal epidemics of enterovirus disease in the US?

A

Summer Time

US common June –> November

Aseptic meningitis cases peak in late summer (August/September).
Enteroviruses most common etiologic agent.

24
Q

Aseptic meningitis cases peak in late summer (August/September).
___________ most common etiologic agent.

A

Enteroviruses

25
Q

Replication: (+)Strand RNA Viruses

A

Replication occurs exclusively in the cytoplasm.

Virions DO NOT contain replication proteins.

(+) RNA–> (-) RNA–> (+) RNA.
via Viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

26
Q

Virion RNA serves three functions

A

Genome: packaged in virion.

Viral mRNA: translated into viral replication proteins.

Template RNA: copied into (-)strand RNA for replication.

27
Q

Because of _____________, poliovirus can circulate unnoticed

A

inapparent infections

28
Q

Poliovirus Pathogenesis

A

day 0= injest virus.

day 1-2= Infection of non-neural tissues

day 2-7 amplification

day 7-14: cross BBB. Retrograde Axonal Infection
Motor Neurons Killed–>AFP
(sensory neurons unaffected)

29
Q

What kind of cell does polio kill

A

Motor Neurons Killed–>AFP

(sensory neurons unaffected)

30
Q

Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine (IPV)

A

Killed Wildtype Poliovirus
Injected
No Vaccine-Associated Disease
Protective Systemic Immunity (IgG)

31
Q

Oral Poliovirus Vaccine (OPV)

A 
Live-Attenuated Poliovirus
Oral Administration
Inexpensive
Systemic AND MUCOSAL immunity 
Can actually cause polio- VAPP
32
Q

who gets Vaccine-Associated Paralytic Poliomyelitis (VAPP)

A

OPV Vaccine Recipients (Infants, First Dose)
Contacts of OPV Recipients (Non-immune, First Exposure)
Immunocompromised (Recipients and Contacts)

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