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Wrap up block > Protozoa > Flashcards

Protozoa Flashcards

1
Q

describe protozoa

A

single-celled eukaryotic organisms

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2
Q

What is the STD parasite

A

Trichomonas Vaginalis

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3
Q

how do you dx trichomonas vaginalis

A

PCR + trophozoite in discharge

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4
Q

What is the tx for trichomonas vaginalis

A

metronidazole for pt & partner

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5
Q

What is the life cycle of trichomonas vaginalis

A

human genital tract–> REPLICATES BY BINARY FISION –> transmitted via sexual contact

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6
Q

frothy greenish discharge

A

T. vaginalis

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7
Q

Strawberry cervix

A

T. vaginalis

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8
Q

Twitching trophozite

A

T. vaginalis

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9
Q

on microscopy you see a trophozoite w/ undulating membrane, 4 anterior flagella and single nucleus

A

T. vaginalis

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10
Q

MC cause of Amebic dysentary

A

Entamoeba Histolytica

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11
Q

How do you dx Entamoeba Histolytica

A

Cysts in stool, serology, Ameba antigen + PCR

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12
Q

How do you tx Entamoeba histolytica

A

Metronidazole (but doesn’t clear it)

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13
Q

Life cycle of Entamoeba histolytica

A

fecal-oral –> excitation back to trophozoite in small intestine –> migrate to large intestine

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14
Q

what are the 3 types of presentations for entamoeba histolytica and how do they present

A
  1. Asyptomatic: trophozoites produce cysts that live outside the body
  2. Intestinal dz: “flask shaped” abscesses in L intestine –> bloody dysentary
  3. Liver dz: gets to portal circulation –> liver abscesses w/ anchovy paste aspirate
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15
Q

anchove paste aspirate in liver

A

Entamoeba histolytica (w/ liver dz)

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16
Q

Flask shaped ulcers in intestine

A

Entamoeba histolytica (w/ intestinal dz)

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17
Q

rounded elevated mucosa of intestine w/ necrotic centers and edematous tissue

A

describes flask shaped ulcers in Entamoeba histolytica

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18
Q

on microscopy you see a single nucleus trophozoite w/ ingested RBC

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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19
Q

You suspect a parasite and the pt has RUQ pain and dysentary

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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20
Q

What are the 3 parasites that cause intestinal issues

A

Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, & Cryptosporidium

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21
Q

daycare worker w/ low nutrients, uncontrollable flatulence, bloating, foul-smelling steatorrhea

A

Giardia lamblia

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22
Q

Camper w/ low nutrients, uncontrollable flatulence, bloating, foul-smelling steatorrhea

A

Giardia lamblia

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23
Q

Life cycle of giardia?

A

cysts in water ingested by camper –> trophozoite multiply by BINARY FISION –> excitation –> move to colon and cover and flatten intestinal epithelium (no absorption -> diarrhea)

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24
Q

on microscopy you see a trophozoite w/ 2 nuclei, symmetrical axostyles, & suction discs

A

Giardia lamblia

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25
Q

on microscopy you see a cyst w/ 4 nuclei and a well defined wall

A

Giardia lamblia

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26
Q

how do you dx giardia lamblia

A

symptoms + cysts/trophs in stool

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27
Q

how do you tx giardia

A

metronidazole

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28
Q

What do you think of when you hear someone gets sick after swimming at a waterpark or reservoir

A

Cryptosporidium

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29
Q

who is most likely to get infected with cryptosporidium

A

the IC

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30
Q

What would an HIV pt w/ cryptosporidium present w/

A

ascending cholangitis

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31
Q

Milwalkee

A

cryptosporidium

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32
Q

How do you dx cryptosporidium

A

Serology

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33
Q

how do you tx cryptosporidium

A

Nitazoxanide

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34
Q

what is the life cycle of cryptosporidium

A

infectious oocyst releases sporozoites into gastric epithelium which differentiate into merozoites (asexually). these differentiate into gametes which fuze into a zygote which make oocysts

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35
Q

Acid fast oocyst

A

cryptosporidium

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36
Q

IC pt w/ watery diarrhea +/- gallbladder, biliary tract, & lung dz

A

Cryptosporidium

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37
Q

how do you estimate the severity of cryptosporidium infection in an immunocompetent pt

A

ingested oocysts correlates w/ severity of diarrhea

38
Q

how do you dx toxoplasma gondii infection

A

serology

CT for congenital toxoplasmosis

39
Q

what is the tx for toxoplasma gondii

A

Sulfadiazine + Pyrimethamine

40
Q

what is the definite host of toxoplasma gondii

A

cat

41
Q

what is the intermediate host of toxoplasma gondii

A

human

42
Q

what is the life cycle of toxoplasma gondii

A

sexually divides in cats –> injest cysts from UNCOOKED MEAT & CAT FECES

43
Q

ring enhancing lesions (brain abscess)

A

HIV pt w/ toxoplasma gondii

44
Q

chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, & intracranial calcifications

A

classic triad for congenital toxoplasmosis

45
Q

acute rapid deterioration w/in 1 week of swimming in fresh water

A

Naegleria Fowleri

46
Q

what is the most rapidly fatal cause of meningoencephalitis

A

Naegleria Fowleri

47
Q

how do you dx Naegleria Fowleri

A

amoebas in CSF

48
Q

Nedipots

A

Naegleria Fowleri

49
Q

Divers

A

Naegleria Fowleri

50
Q

what is the life cycle of Naegleria Fowleri

A

swimming then the flagellated form enters via cribriform plate to brain

51
Q

primary amebic meningoencephalitis

A

Naegleria Fowleri

52
Q

suspect bacterial CSF (dec glu, inc protein, inc PMN), but does not gram stain

A

Naegleria Fowleri

53
Q

Eye infection w/ someone who wears contacts

A

Acanthamoeba Keratitis

54
Q

what is the tx for Acanthamoeba Keratitis

A

topical Rx + steroids

55
Q

if someone has a bacterial infection of the eye and still wears contacts

A

Acanthamoeba Keratitis

56
Q

what 2 forms of Tyrpanosoma Brucei are there and what location in the world are they associated w/

A

Gambiense (w. africa)

Rhodensiense (E. africa)

57
Q

how do you dx Tyrpanosoma Brucei

A

card agglutination test

58
Q

what is the tx for Tyrpanosoma Brucei

A

Blood stage: Suramin

CNS stage: Melarsoprol

59
Q

Tsetse fly

A

Tyrpanosoma Brucei

60
Q

Life cycle of Tyrpanosoma Brucei

A

tsetse fly bite –> trypomastigote spread in blood to lymph nodes + CNS

61
Q

How does Tyrpanosoma Brucei become a recurrent problem

A

Antigenic variation (variable surface GPs)

62
Q

what would you see on microscopy if infected w/ Tyrpanosoma Brucei

A

trypomastigote w/ kinetoplast + UNDULATING MEMBRANE

63
Q

Chancre that heals in 2 wks, then develop LAD & fever, eventually causing coma and death

A

Tyrpanosoma Brucei

64
Q

what is the hallmark of african sleeping sickness

A

Encephalitis

65
Q

person in south america

A

Chagas dz T cruzi

66
Q

What bug causes chagas

A

Reduviid bug

67
Q

Life cycle of T cruzi

A

feeds on humans while sleeping, defecates while eating (releases Trypomastigotes) –> penetrates skin (forms chagoma) –> transform into amastigote –> replicate and infect

68
Q

Unilateral facial swelling @ bite site

A

T cruzi (chagas)

69
Q

Damage to nerve ganglia causing dilated cardiomyopathy, megacolon, and megaesophagus

A

T cruzi (chagas)

70
Q

What are the 3 leishmania bugs and what do they cause

A

L. Donovani - visceral
L Braziliensis - mucocutaneous
L. Tropica - cutaneous

71
Q

Veteran from afghanistan

A

Leishmania

72
Q

How do you dx leishmania

A

serology and protozoa in liver/spleen

73
Q

how do you tx leishmania

A

Sodium Sibogluconate

74
Q

Life cycle of leishmania

A

Sand fly bites host –> Promastigote invades MACROPHAGE –> transforms into non-motile amastigote in RES system

75
Q

ulcer @ site of infection that is self limiting

A

Cutaneous leishmania (L donovani)

76
Q

ulcers lead to erosion of nasal septum palate and lips (mucoid tissue)

A

mucocutanious leishmania (L braziliensis)

77
Q

Hepatomegaly, massive splenomegaly w/ pancytopenia

A

Kala Azar (visceral leishmania - L tropica)

78
Q

How do you dx malaria

A

geimsa smear + immunochromatograph

79
Q

cyclic Fever w/ chills and anemia, headache, splenomegaly

A

malaria

80
Q

What is the worst form of malaria

A

falciparum

81
Q

patient from thailand

A

mefloquine resistant malaria

82
Q

Life cycle of Plasmodium

A

Anopheles mosquito injects sporozoites when feeding –> makes way to liver (start of pre-erythrocytic cycle)–> forms trophozoite which divides into thousands of schizonts and make merozoites which are released when the cell bursts–> infect RBC Merozoites become gametes and can be picked up with mosquito bite

83
Q

fever on 1st and 3rd day

A

Vivax/ovale

84
Q

fever on 1st and 4th day

A

Malariae

85
Q

irregular pattern of fever btw 36-48 hrs

A

falciparum

86
Q

what is a major feature of infected RBCs in falciparum malaria

A

Rosetting

87
Q

What carries babesia

A

Ixodes tick (same as lyme dz)

88
Q

on peripheral smear you see a maltese cross

A

babesia

89
Q

Most commonly seen in NE USA

A

Babesia

90
Q

fever, hemolytic anemia, asplenia

A

babesia

91
Q

what is the tx for babesia

A

quinine, clindamycin

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