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Metazoans Flashcards

1
Q

Egg ingestion

A

EAT
E. vermicularis
Ascaris lumbricoides
Trichuris Truichira (whipworm)

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2
Q

Cutaneous entry

A

Feet on the SANd
Strongyloides
Anycylostoma
Necator

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3
Q

Lung involvement

A

don’t want SANd in lungs
Strongyloides
Ascaris
Necator

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4
Q

No lung/swollow/tissue invasion (No inc eosinophils)

A

E. vermicularis

Trichuris trichiuris

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5
Q

Inc eosinophils

A

strongyloides, Trichinosis, Toxecara

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6
Q

Most common helminth infection in USA

A

Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)

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7
Q

Urban daycare

A

Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)

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8
Q

how do you dx Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)

A

scotch tape test for eggs

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9
Q

how do you tx Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)

A

2x pyrental pamoate (whole family) + change sheets

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10
Q

on microscopy you see eggs flattened on one side

A

Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)

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11
Q

life cycle of Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)

A

ingested eggs –> small intestine larvae emerge –>mature and adults in cecum & ascending L intestine –> scratch perianal area –> hand mouth reinfection

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12
Q

perianal irritation @ night + GI problems

A

Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)

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13
Q

Malnourished poor person in the tropics comes in w/ bloody diarrhea & prolapsed rectum

A

T trichiuris (whipworm)

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14
Q

how do you dx T trichiuris (whipworm)

A

eggs in stool

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15
Q

how do you tx T trichiuris (whipworm)

A

bendazole + re-treatment

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16
Q

life cycle of T trichiuris (whipworm)

A

(slow) eggs ingested –> small intestine where larvae emerge –> become adult in cecum –> thousands of eggs per day –> binary fission occurs in soil and can then reinfect

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17
Q

on microscopy you see football shaped eggs w/ bipolar plugs

A

T trichiuris (whipworm)

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18
Q

pt in SE USA comes in w/ lung involvement, endocarditis & peripheral eosinophelia

A

Ascaris Lumbricoides

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19
Q

how do you dx Ascaris Lumbricoides

A

eggs VISIBLE in stool

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20
Q

how do you treat Ascaris Lumbricoides

A

pyrantel pamoate + mebendazole (resistant to disinfectants

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21
Q

on microscopy you see eggs w/ irregular coating and a 30 cm long worm

A

Ascaris Lumbricoides

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22
Q

What is the life cycle of Ascaris Lumbricoides

A

egs ingested –> larvae in small intestine –> enter lymphatics and get to the lung, coughed and swallowed –> survive as adults in intestine for 1-2 yrs and produce 200K eggs daily…. requires to be in soil to be infectious

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23
Q

ball of worms in intestine

A

Ascaris Lumbricoides

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24
Q

how do you prevent Ascaris Lumbricoides

A

proper sewage and washing hands

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25
Q

person eats raw pork/dear/bear and gets fever, muscle ache w/ eosinophilia

A

Trichinella Spiralis

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26
Q

how do you dx Trichinella Spiralis

A

Hx of eating meat, high eos, high CPK, cysts in skeletal muscle

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27
Q

how do you prevent Trichinella Spiralis

A

cook your meat

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28
Q

find cysts in tissue

A

Trichinella Spiralis

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29
Q

life cycle of Trichinella Spiralis

A

eat poorly cooked meat w/ encysted larvae –> small intestine where adults mate –> males excreted, females into circulation and skeletal muscle

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30
Q

What is the MCC of childhood anemia world wide

A

Hookworm (N americanus + A duodenale)

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31
Q

where is Necater americanus hookworm found

A

america, africa, australia, & S asia

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32
Q

where is Ancylostoma duodenal hookworm found

A

mediterranean + N asia

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33
Q

how do you dx Hookworm (N americanus + A duodenale)

A

eggs in stool

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34
Q

how do you treat Hookworm (N americanus + A duodenale)

A

mebendezole, wear shoes, sanitation, tx carriers

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35
Q

life cycle of Hookworm (N americanus + A duodenale)

A

larvae penetrate feet –> lungs –> intestine –> grasp onto intestinal villi and eat tissue
-migratory w/ inflammation & eosinophilia

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36
Q

how does Hookworm (N americanus + A duodenal) cause anemia

A

larvae make anticoagulant and eating intestinal tissue causes bleeding

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37
Q

creeping eruption

A

think Hookworm (N americanus + A duodenale)

38
Q

on microscopy there are eggs w/ clear outer shell and adults w/ teeth

A

Hookworm (N americanus + A duodenale)

39
Q

Purpuric papule (skin) + loeffler’s syndrome (lung eosinophilic pneumonitis) + pain/diarrhea (intestinal) in IC pt

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

40
Q

how do you dx Strongyloides stercoralis

A

larvae in stool + sputum

41
Q

how do you tx Strongyloides stercoralis

A

Ivermectin and Albendazole

42
Q

life cycle of Strongyloides stercoralis

A

larvae infect from soil –> penetrate skin enter circulatory system –> lung vomit/swollow –> intestine auto infect (IC) or larvae excreted
-Eggs not in feces

43
Q

Dog or cat

A

Toxecara canis/cati

44
Q

life cycle of Toxecara canis/cati

A

eggs from dog/cat roundworm ingested –> circulation –> lung liver& eyes–> inflammatory necrosis

45
Q

asymptomatic eosinophilia w/ granulomas and possible blindness

A

Toxecara canis/cati

46
Q

what kind of host is the human when infected w/ Toxecara canis/cati

A

accidental host (dead-end)

47
Q

how do you tx Toxecara canis/cati

A

diethylcarbamazine

48
Q

elephantitis

A

Wuchereria Bancrofti

49
Q

how do you dx Wuchereria Bancrofti

A

blood microfilaria @ night

50
Q

how do you tx Wuchereria Bancrofti

A

diethylcarbamazine and steroids

51
Q

what is the life cycle of Wuchereria Bancrofti

A

microfilariae transmitted by mosquito –> lymph nodes/vessels –> inflammation & blockage of lymphatic system –> elephantitis

52
Q

blackfly

A

Oncocerca Volvulus

53
Q

how do you dx Oncocerca Volvulus

A

microfilaria in superficial skin clips

54
Q

how do you tx Oncocerca Volvulus

A

Ivermectin

55
Q

what is the life cycle of Oncocerca Volvulus

A

black fly infects human –> microfilariae mature and mate in skin –>die and cause inflammation & black skin nodules/intraepithelial granulomas or travel to eye and cause blindness

56
Q

blind person with black skin nodules in africa or central america

A

Oncocerca Volvulus (black fly; black skin nodules, black sight)

57
Q

how do you dx Schistosoma

A

hx, egg ID in urine or feces

58
Q

how do you tx Schistosoma

A

praziquantel + snail control

59
Q

what is the intermediate host of Schistosoma

60
Q

what is the life cycle of Schistosoma

A

eggs hatch in freshwater and swim to snails –> larvae released and infect human (skin to portal blood) then go to either intestine (mansoni, japonicum) or bladder (Hematobium) –> excreted in urine/feces

61
Q

eosinophilia, dermatitis, portal HTN, hepatosplenomegaly

A

Schistosoma Mansoni & Schistosoma Japonicum

62
Q

gladder grnulomas, TERMINAL HEMATURIA, bladder cancer

A

Schistosoma hematobium

63
Q

what are the 3 trematodes

A

Schistosoma, clonorchis sinesis (chines liver fluke), & pragonimus westermani (lung fluke)

64
Q

eat undercooked fish in asia, inflammation of liver/biliarytract –> pigmented stones + cholangiocarcinoma

A

clonorchis sinesis (chines liver fluke)

65
Q

life cycle of clonorchis sinesis (chines liver fluke)

A

freshwater eggs to snails –> infect fish –> humans eat metacercariae

66
Q

leaf-like on microscopy

A

clonorchis sinesis (chines liver fluke)

67
Q

how do you dx clonorchis sinesis (chines liver fluke)

A

eggs in feces

68
Q

how do you tx clonorchis sinesis (chines liver fluke)

A

praziquantel

69
Q

eats undercooked crab & starts coughing up blood

A

pragonimus westermani (lung fluke)

70
Q

how do you dx pragonimus westermani (lung fluke)

A

eggs in sputum

71
Q

how do you tx pragonimus westermani (lung fluke)

A

praziquantel

72
Q

what is the lifecycle of pragonimus westermani (lung fluke)

A

freshwater eggs, larvae swim to snail and infect crab –> metacercariae eaten by human

73
Q

what are the 3 cestodes

A

Taenia solium(pork)/saginata(beef), Diphyllobothrium latum, Echinococcus granulosus (hydatid cyst dz)

74
Q

young man w/ seizures in mexico, india, or africa

A

Taenia solium(pork)/saginata(beef)

75
Q

how do you dx Taenia solium(pork)/saginata(beef)

A

eggs in proglottidis / stool

76
Q

swiss cheese brain

A

Taenia solium(pork)/saginata(beef)

77
Q

how do you tx Taenia solium(pork)/saginata(beef)

A

praziquantel

cook beef/pork & inspection

78
Q

Life cycle of Taenia solium(pork)/saginata(beef)

A

ingest larvae in undercooked pork/beef –> tapeworm attaches to mucosa via scolex –> eggs excreted in feces –> pigs/cattle graze on soil and eat egg-infected feces

79
Q

what happens if humans ingest the eggs of Taenia solium(pork)/saginata(beef) instead of the larvae

A

cysticercosis (swiss cheese brain) headaches and seizures

80
Q

B12 deficiency + anemia after eating raw fish

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

81
Q

how do you dx Diphyllobothrium latum

A

hx + eggs in stool

82
Q

see a very large tape worm on microscopy and looks like a fish

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

83
Q

life cycle of Diphyllobothrium latum

A

eggs in water convert to motile larva –>ingested by crustacean –> fish –> human

84
Q

sheep herding

A

Echinococcus granulosus

85
Q

how do you dx Echinococcus granulosus

A

hx + serology + eosinophilia

86
Q

how do you tx Echinococcus granulosus

A

surgery (cyst) + mebendazole

87
Q

small tapeworm on microscopy

A

Echinococcus granulosus

88
Q

life cycle of Echinococcus granulosus

A

dog ingests cysts and eggs are excreted –> sheep ingest eggs

Humans are dead end host that ingest eggs released by dogs –> circulation –> liver and brain

89
Q

hydatid cyst

A

Echinococcus granulosus

90
Q

slow growing cysts, jaundice, inc ICP in a pt from spain

A

Echinococcus granulosus

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