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Parasitology Lecture > Protozoa > Flashcards

Protozoa Flashcards

1
Q

How many species of amebae occur in humans?

A

Seven

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2
Q

Name the amebae species that occur in humans.

A

E. histolytica
Commensals
E. dispar
E. moshkovskii
E. hartmanni
E. coli
Endolimax nana
Iodamoeba bustchlii

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3
Q

Refers to an intestinal ameba of pigs and monkeys that has been occasionally detected in humans, and is a probably cause of diarrhea.

A

Entamoeba polecki

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4
Q

T or F. Amoeba & commensals belong to the Subphylum Sarcodina (pseudopodia) classification.

A

True

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5
Q

T or F. Parasitic Protozoa perform asexual but not sexual reproduction in different hosts.

A

False. It performs both asexual and sexual reproduction.

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6
Q

These are intestinal dwellers that has pseudopodium (false feet/hyaline foot-like protrusion for locomotion)

A

amoeba

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7
Q

Entamoebas are all intestinal dwellers except for ________ which is found in the mouth

A

E. gingivalis

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8
Q

He first described E. histolytica in 1873 and transferred amoebae to a dog by rectal injection which later on became ill and showed ulceration of colon.

A

Fedor Alexandrewitch Losch

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9
Q

Habitat of E. histolytica

A

mucosa & submucosa of the large intestine in man

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10
Q

Refers to a pseudopod-forming non-flagellated protozoan parasite that is the most invasice of the Entamoeba parasites and the only member o the family to cause COLITIS and LIVER ABSCESS.

A

E. histolytica

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11
Q

Infective stage of E. histolytica

A

cyst

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12
Q

MOT of E. histolytica

A

Drinking water contaminated with feces containing cyst

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13
Q

Name the three types of amebiasis tha can result from infection with Entamoeba

A
  1. Luminal amebiasis
  2. Invasive amebic dysentery
  3. Invasive extraintestinal amebiasis
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14
Q

T or F. Maintaining clean water is not a form of Entamoeba infection prevention.

A

False.

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15
Q

Excystation occurs in the small or large bowel, where a cyst undergoes nuclear followed by cytoplasmic division to form ____ trophozoites

A. 4
B. 8
C. 12
D. 16
E. NOTA

A

B. 8 trophozoites

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16
Q

Phoretic vectors of E. histolytica

A

Cockroach
Flies

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17
Q

Treatment for E. histolytica

A

Metronidazole

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18
Q

Why are trophozoites motile whereas cysts are non-motile?

A

Trophozoites have pseudopods

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19
Q

The most common form of diseas associated with amoebae.

A

Colitis

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20
Q

This clinically presents as gradual onset of abdominal pain and diarrhea with or without blood and mucus in the stools where fever is uncommon yet there are formation of ulcers.

A

Amebic colitis

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21
Q

This would develop in children with severe bloody diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain.

A

fulminant colitis

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22
Q

It clinically presents as a mass-like lesion with abdominal pain and a history of dysentery

A

Ameboma

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23
Q

It is the most common extra-intestinal form of amebiasis. Its cardinal manifestations are fever and right upper quadrant (RUQ) pain.

A

Amebic liver abscess (ALA)

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24
Q

The most serious complication of amebic colitis.

A

Perforation and secondary bacterial peritonitis

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25
Q

Should amebix colitis be ruled out BEFORE or AFTER steroid therapy for inflammatory bowel disease

A

BEFORE steroid therapy is started bc of the risk of developing toxic megacolon

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26
Q

LAB Dx for Amoebiasis:

A

Stool Examination
Blood Examination
Serological Tests
Culture: Boeck and Drbohlav’s diphasic medium
Diagnostic Aspiration
Liver Biopsy
Molecular Methods

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27
Q

For the diagnosis of Amoebiasis, what is the ideal number of stool specimens to be collected on different days for examination?

A

a minimum of 3

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28
Q

For the dection of trophs, fresh stool specimens should be examined within ___________ from defacation

A. 1 hr
B. 30 mins.
C. 15 mins.

A

B. 30 mins.

29
Q

The detection of E. histolytica trophs with ingested RBCs is diagnostic of __________.

30
Q

The differentiation between E. histolytica and E. dispar can only be done by the following, except:

A. Microscopy
B. PCR
C. ELISA
D. Isoenzyme analysis
E. NOTA

A

A. microscopy

31
Q

Its detection in the serum is the key in the diagnosis of Amebic Liver Abscess (ALA)

A

antibodies

32
Q

Other than metronidazole, the ff. are also effective treatment for Amoebiasis, except:

A. Tinidazole
B. Secnidazole
C. Diloxanide
D. NOTA

33
Q

This genus has a spherical nucleus with a distinct nuclear membrane lined with chromatin granules and a small karyosome found near the center of the nucleus.

33
Q

This genus has a spherical nucleus with a distinct nuclear membrane lined with chromatin granules and a small karyosome found near the center of the nucleus.

34
Q

This genus has a vesicular nucleus with a relatively large, irregularly-shaped karyosome anchored to the nucleus by achromatic fibrils.

35
Q

This genus is characterized by a large, chromatin-rich karyosome surrounded by a layer of achromatic globules and anchored to the nuclear membrane by achromatic fibrils.

36
Q

Which among the two statements is true

A. E. gingivalis has no cyst stage and does not inhabit the intestines
B. E. gingivalis has a cyst stage but does not inhabit the intestines

37
Q

Morphologically similar to E. histolytica but differs in their DNA and rRNA.

A

Entamoeba dispar

38
Q

Identify the commensal amoeba being described:

Harmless inhabitant of the colon

39
Q

Identify the commensal amoeba being described:

Similar with E. histolytica but smaller and has no RBC inclusion

A

E. hartmanni

40
Q

Identify the commensal amoeba being described:

“small race” of E. histolytica that is non-pathogenic

A

E. hartmanni

41
Q

Identify the commensal amoeba being described:

Parasite of pigs and monkeys that rarely infect humans with their cysts consistently uninucleated.

A

E. polecki

42
Q

Identify the commensal amoeba being described:

This can be found in the mouth (gum or teeth) that has no cyst stage and transmitted through kissing, droplet spray, and sharing utensils

A

E. gingivalis

43
Q

Identify the commensal amoeba being described:

Classified as free-living amoeba (rarely infect humans) that is first detected in sewage, osmotolerant, and able to survive at temperature range of 0-41 degree C.

A

E. moshkovskii

44
Q

Identify the commensal amoeba being described:

Smallest protozoa with its sluggish and mononuclear troph form hacing a quadrinucleated cyst form with eccentric karyosome (cross-eyed cyst)

45
Q

Identify the commensal amoeba being described:

Has an iodine cyst, a large glycogen vacuole/body which stains deeply with iodine and is uninucleated

A

Iodamoeba butschlii

46
Q

1st parasitic amoeba to be recognized n the soft tartar between the teeth in 1849.

A

E. gingivalis

47
Q

Refers to the only amoeba that ingests WBCs

A

E. gingivalis

48
Q

Its cyst is a “basket of flowers” in shape

A

I. butschlii

49
Q

LAB Dx of Commensals

A

FECT (Formalin ether/ethyl acetate concentration technique)
Lugol’s Iodine

50
Q

Treatment for Commensals

A

None (Not necessary as it doesn’t cause disease)

51
Q

An ubiquitous, free-living ameba that is commonly found in soil & water where they feed on bacteria as opportunists that may produce serious infection of the CNS and the eye.

A

Acanthamoeba

52
Q

It is characterized by an active trophozoite stage with characteristic promininent “thorn-like” appendages and a highly resilient cyst stage into which it transforms when environmental conditions are not favorable.

A

Acanthamoeba

53
Q

Associated with the use of improperly disinfected soft contact lenses, particularly those which are rinsed with tap water or contaminated lens solution.

A

A. keratitis

54
Q

LAB Dx of A. Keratitis

A

Epithelial biopsy
Corneal scrapings

55
Q

Most common Acanthamoeba spp.

A

A. castellani

56
Q

Exists as active trophs and resistant cyst; no flagellate form

A

Acanthamoeba sp.

57
Q

MOT of Acanthamoeba spp.

A

Inhalation of aerosol or dust containing trophs and cysts
Direct invasion through cuts, wounds, and eye

58
Q

Pathology of Acanthamoeba spp.

A

GAE - Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis
AK - Amebic Keratitis

59
Q

What are the two vegetative forms of Naegleria spp.?

A
  1. ameba (trophozoite form)
  2. flagellate (swimming form)
60
Q

This form of Naegleria fowleri trophozoites are found in humans.

A

Ameboid trophozoites

61
Q

T or F. Naegleria spp. are thermophilic organisms which thrive best in hot springs and other warm aquatic envrionments.

62
Q

MOT of N. fowleri

A

Oral or intranasal routes while swimming in contaminated lakes, pools, and rivers

63
Q

LAB Dx for N. fowleri

A

Microscopic identification of living or stained amoeba in CSF

Tissue samples and nasal discharges

Culture of clinical specimens

PCR assay

Monoclonal Ab testing

Flow cytometry

DNA hybridization

ELISA

64
Q

Refers to a Naegleria spp. that could possibly infect humans in the future that is pathogenic in mice exposed to the parasite by intranasal instillation.

A

N. australiensis

65
Q

Kills Naegleria fowleri easily

A

chlorination of water at 1 ppm or higher

66
Q

A newly described amoeba that does not have a flagellate stage.

A

Balamuthis mandrillaris

67
Q

Causes chronic CNS infection

A

Balamuthia mandrillaris

68
Q

This infection generally manifests as intestinal diarrhea

Parasitology Lecture (7 decks)

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