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Parasitology Lecture > Cestodes > Flashcards

Cestodes Flashcards

1
Q

Adult worms of the following cestodes are seen in the intestine of man, EXCEPT;

T. solium
E. granulosus
D. latum
Hymenolepis
None

A

E. granulosus

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2
Q

The parasitic tapeworm transmitted by inadequately cooked freshwater fish is:

A

D. latum

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3
Q

A 30-year old patient reported in the emergency room with complaints of fatigue, weakness, diarrhea, and numbness of extremities. The peripheral blood film revealed megaloblastic anemia and stool exam showed yellowish-brown operculated eggs. Which of the following parasites is likely to be the cause of the disease?

A

D. latum

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4
Q

Operculated eggs are produced by:

A

D. latum

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5
Q

Because of the similarities between the ova of T. solium and T. saginatam specific diagnosis can be made thru:

A

Demonstration of scolex

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6
Q

What is/are the drug of choice for T. solium infection?

A

Praziquantel

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7
Q

In the life cycle of D. latum, how many intermediate host is/are involved?

A

2

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8
Q

Common name of D. latum

A

Fish tapeworm

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9
Q

Bovine cysticercosis can be prevented thru the following measures, EXCEPT;

Thorough cooking of meat
Proper sanitary disposal of feces
Meat should undergo inspection
All
None

A

none

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10
Q

The larval form of T. solium can be seen in:

A

Pigs

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11
Q

The following tapeworms possess armed rostellum, EXCEPT;

D. caninum
T. solium
E. granulosus
T. saginata
None

A

T. saginata

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12
Q

In which of the following cestodes man can act as the intermediate host?

A

T. solium (man can be DH/IH)

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13
Q

Parasite-induced pernicious anemia is seen in infection with:

A

D. latum

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14
Q

Encysted larva of T. solium that can be present in measly pork:

A

Cysticercus

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15
Q

What is/are the intermediate host/s of Taenia saginata?

A

Cattle

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16
Q

Fertilized eggs that are broadly oval, golden brown in color, some can be mammilated, and classified as soil transmitted helminths. Identity is:

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

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17
Q

A roundworm acquired from the ingestion of meat containing the encysted larvae causing the encystment of the larvae in human striated skeletal muscle. Identity is:

A

Trichinella spiralis

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18
Q

Egg of this tapeworm is oval or sub-spherical with 4 to 8 polar filaments, resembles like a “fried egg”. Identity is:

A

Hymenolepis nana

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19
Q

The egg of this parasite was 1st discovered in the Philippines. Eggs are flat with bi-polar plug, peanut-shaped and presence of striated cell wall.

A

Capillaria philippinensis

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20
Q

Asymmetrical nematodal egg with one side flattened and the other convex with translucent shell. Identity is:

A

Enterobius vermicularis

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21
Q

A pseudophyllidean eggs that is usually yellowish brown in color with a moderately thick shell and an inconspicuous knob and an operculum.

A

D. latum

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22
Q

The eggs of an STH that are barrel-shaped, with protruding bipolar plugs and the ova are unsegmented.

A

Trichuris trichiura

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23
Q

The egg of this STH is ovoidal (egg-shaped), thin-shelled, colorless and passes 4-8 cell stage in the feces.

A

Hookworm

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24
Q

Tapeworm’s egg that has three pairs of hooklets and a striated outer shell resembling like kiwi slices. The eggs of the two species cannot be differentiated. Identity is:

A

Taenia

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25
Q

A dog tapeworm’s egg which is spherical in shape, thin-shelled with hexacanth embryo, and are passed out in packets containing 8-15 eggs. Identity is:

A

Dipylidium caninum

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26
Q

Which among the statement is/are false about cestodes:

A. Majority are long, unsegmented and resemble like tapeworms

B. Majority are long, segmented and resemble like tapeworms

C. Dorso-ventrally flattened

D. Adult worms are found in the intestinal canal of man and animals

E. None

A

A.

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27
Q

This region in an adult worm is provided with suckers & sometimes with hooks that serves as organs of attachment.

A

Head/scolex

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28
Q

This is the region of growth in an adult worm.

A

Neck

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29
Q

This is referred to as the body/trunk of the adult worm.

A

Strobila

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30
Q

The strobila consists of segment called _____________

A

proglottids

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31
Q

T or F. Cestodes are not separate (monoecious)

A

True

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32
Q

What are those that are absent and present in cestodes?

A

Absent: Alimentary canal
Present: Excretory & nervous systems; reproductive system

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33
Q

A type of segment of the strobila where male and female organs are not differentiated.

A

immature segment

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34
Q

A type of segment of the strobila where the male and female organs have become differentiated

A

mature segment

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35
Q

A type of segment of the strobila where the uteri are filled with eggs

A

gravid segment

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36
Q

A classification of cestodes that possess false or slit-like grooves called bothria

A

Pseudophyllidean cestodes

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37
Q

This is classified as the only pseudophyllidean cestode.

A

Diphyllobothrium latum (D. latum/fish tapeworm)

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38
Q

What is the larval stage for pseudophyllidean cestodes (D. latum)?

A

Plerocercoid in man

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39
Q

A classification of cestodes that possess cup-like round suckers called acetabula.

A

Cyclophyllidean

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40
Q

Common name for Taenia saginata

A

Beef tapeworm

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41
Q

Common name for Taenia solium

A

Pork tapeworm

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42
Q

Common name for Hymenolepis nana

A

dwarf tapeworm

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43
Q

Common name for Hymenolepis diminuta

A

Rat Tapeworm

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44
Q

Common name for Dipylidium caninum

A

Double Pored Dog Tapeworm

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45
Q

Larval stage in man of Echinococcus granulosus & Echinococcus multilocularis

A

Hydatid cyst

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46
Q

Larval stage in Man of Taenia solium

A

cysticercus cellulosa

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47
Q

Larval stage in man of multiceps multiceps

A

coenurus cerebralis

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48
Q

Larval stage in man of multiceps glomeratus

A

coenurus glomeratus

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49
Q

These are large worms consisting of a long chain of segments

A

Pseudophyllidean cestodes

50
Q

Adult worm is yellowish grey in color. Dark central marking in the strobila are due to the egg-filled uterus. It measures 3 to 10 meters in length and its life span is for a period of 5 to 15 years.

A

D. latum

51
Q

Scolex is spoon-shaped or spatulate and has no rostellum and no hooklets.

A

D. latum

52
Q

Its neck is thin and unsegmented and is much longer than the head

A

D. latum

53
Q

Its uterus at the center of the segment appears in the form of a rosette.

A

D. latum

54
Q

It contains abundant granules and unsegmented ovum. It is inconspicuous operculum at one end and a small knob at the other end.

A

D. latum

55
Q

T or F. Diphyllobothrium latum floats in saturated solutions of common salt.

A

False. It doesn’t float.

56
Q

The first stage larva of D. latum

A

Coracidium; ciliated oncosphere

57
Q

Second stage larva of D. latum

A

Procercoid (found inside cyclops)

58
Q

The first intermediate host for D. latum

A

Cyclops

59
Q

Third stage larva of D. latum

A

plerocercoid (sparganum)

60
Q

The second intermediate host of D. latum.

A

Fresh water fish - perch, trout, salmon, pike

61
Q

Final host of D. latum

A

man, dog, cat (in the small intestine)

62
Q

Infection of this cestode causes G.I. disturbances and anemia. It causes megaloblastic anemia since vit B12 is absorbed by worm.

A

D. latum

63
Q

The disease caused by drinking water containing infected copepods.

A

D. latum

64
Q

Unarmed tapeworm of man

A

T. saginata

65
Q

Adult worms are white and semi-transparent. It measures about 4-10 meters of sometimes up to 25 meters. It can live up to 10 years or more.

A

T. saginata

66
Q

It consists of 1000 to 4000 proglottids. Its common genital pore is marginally situated. Its vagina is provided with a sphincter muscle. Furthermore, gravid proglottid consists of a uterus and a central longitudinal stem with 15-20 lateral branches

A

T. saginata

67
Q

Its free gravid proglottid crawls out of the anal orifice and oviposits on the perianal skin

A

T. saginata

68
Q

Liberated by rupture of ripe proglottids, no uterine opening, spherical and having a thin, outer transparent shell with its inner embryophore is brown, thick walled and radially striated

A

T. saginata ova

69
Q

It has an oncosphere with 3 pairs of hooklets (inside the eggshell). It doesn’t float in saturated salt solutions and eggs are resistant and remain viable for 8 weeks.

A

T. saginata

70
Q

FH & IH of Taenia saginata

A

FH: man
IH: cattle, cow buffalo

71
Q

Its adult worm is irritated by alcohol

A

T. saginata

72
Q

Pathogenesis of T. saginata (TaPaMi EHWW LPO)

A

Taeniasis
Passage of proglottids in stool
Mild irritation

Epigastric pain
Hunger pangs
weightloss
weakness

loss of appetite
pruritis ani
obstruction in intestine

73
Q

Its eggs resemble kiwi slices

A

T. saginata

74
Q

What is the treatment for T. saginata?

A

Praziquantel

75
Q

This spp is common among those eating raw or insufficiently cooked “measly pork”

A

T. solium

76
Q

Man can both be the DH/IH in this type of cestode.

A

T. solium

77
Q

Scolex is globular in outline with 4 circular suckers. Scolex has a rostellum armed with a double row of alternating large and small hooklets. Rostellar hooklets are shaped like daggers or Arabian poniards.

A

T. solium

78
Q

Vaginal opening is not guarded by a muscular sphincter.

A

T. solium

79
Q

T or F. Taenia Saginata is infective to man as well as pigs.

A

False

80
Q

Thick brown striated embryophere surrounding a hexacanth embryo.

A

T. saginata ova

81
Q

Treatment for T. solium

A

Praziquantel

82
Q

Also known as hydatid worm

A

Echinococcus granulosus

83
Q

T or F. In Echinococcus granulosus, man harbors both the cyst and the adult worms which however is found in the intestine of dogs and canines.

A

False. it only harbors the cyst and not the adult worms

84
Q

T or F. Echinococcus granulosus is compsoed of a scolex, neck and strobila having three segments – immature, mature, gravid.

A

True

85
Q

Scolex bears 4 suckers and protrusible (can be extended) rostellum with 2 circular rows of hooks

A

E. granulosus

86
Q

Ovoid in shape, resemble Taenia ova, Hexacanth embryo with 3 pairs of hooks

A

E. granulosus

87
Q

E. granulosus is infective to:

A

man, cattle, sheep & other herbivorous animals

88
Q

DH & IH of E granulosus

A

DH: dog, wolf, fox, jackal
IH: sheep, pig, cattle, horse, goat

89
Q

Its most common site of involvement is the liver

A

E. granulosus

90
Q

Its rupture of cyst in the lungs may present coughing accompanied by allergic reactions

A

E. granulosus

91
Q

Echinococcus granulosus cyst

A

unilocular hydatid cyst

92
Q

Echinococcus multicularis

A

alveolar cyst

93
Q

What is the PAIR technique for inoperable cyst of E. granulosus?

A

Puncture, Aspiration, Injection, Reaspiration Invervention

Albendazole

94
Q

3 testes in each mature segment. Uterus is sac-like and transverse. Eggs possess two membranes’ outer membrane is thin and transparent.

A

Hymenolepis spp

95
Q

What is the larval syage of Hymenolepis spp.?

A

Cysticercoid

96
Q

It has a small bladder containing the invaginated head proximally and a solid, elongated portion as a caudal appendage.

A

Hymenolepis spp

97
Q

Smallest tapeworm infecting man

A

H. nana

98
Q

Only human tapeworm that can complete its life cycle in a single host where man can harbor both the adult and larval stages of the parasite.

A

H. nana

99
Q

This is found in the ileum & has a delicate strobila

A

H. nana

100
Q

Subglobular, 4 suckers, provided with a short retractile rostellum armed with a single row of 20-30 hooklets where its rostellar hooklets are shaped like tuning fork.

A

Scolex of Hymenolepis nana

101
Q

What differentiates H. nana & H. diminuta?

A

H. nana has polar filaments emating from little knobs at either end of the embryophore. Also, H. diminuta requires an intermediate host

102
Q

H. nana has two mode of transmission. What happens during direct & indirect pathway transmission?

A

Direct: Host ingests eggs that hatches in the duodenum

Indirect: Accidental ingestion of infected arthropod IH like rice and flour beetles in which cysticercoid larvae are released and develop into adult worms in the small intestine of the host

103
Q

Pathogenesis of H. nana (ImAH DAPA PD)

A

immunological response to the parasite
asymptomatic for light worm burden
headache

dizziness
anorexia
pruritus of the nose and anus
abdominal pain

pallor
dequamation

104
Q

T or F. In H nana, proglottids are recovered because they undergo degeneration prior to passage.

A

False. They are not recovered.

105
Q

Common parasite of rats and mice.

A

Hymenolepis diminuta

106
Q

Larval stage of H. diminuta

A

cysticercoid passed in fleas

107
Q

Outer shell is yellowish in color, inner embryophere has 2 knob-like thickenings, no polar filaments

A

H. diminuta

108
Q

T or F. The longer the tail of H. diminuta, the more mature the cysticercoid.

A

true

109
Q

This stage is found inside an insect such as the mealworm.

A

H. diminuta

110
Q

Worm burden of H. diminuta in man

A

19

111
Q

Common among children due to ingestion of infected grain beetles, dried fruits, flour and cereals

A

H. diminuta

112
Q

Presence of bilateral genital pores in each segments (2 entrances)

A

Dipylidium caninum

113
Q

Common intestinal parasite of dogs

A

Dipylidium caninum

114
Q

Small and globular, 4 deeply cupped elliptical suckers, protrusible/retractile rostellum. Furthermore, rostellum has 1-7 rows of rose thorn shaped hooklets

A

D. caninum

115
Q

Have size and shape of pumpkin seeds and is filled with capsules or packets of 8-15 eggs enclosed in embryonic membrane.

A

D. caninum gravid proglottids

116
Q

Released by contraction of proglottids or disintegration outside the host. It is spherical, thin shelled, and with a hexacanth embryo.

A

D. caninum ova

117
Q

1st IH of D. caninum and where they’re from.

Ctenocephalides canis

A

dog flea

118
Q

1st IH of D. caninum and where they’re from.

Ctenocephalides felis

A

cat flea

119
Q

1st IH of D. caninum and where they’re from.

pulex irritans

A

human flea

120
Q

1st IH of D. caninum and where they’re from.

Trichoedectes canis

A

dog flea

121
Q

2nd IH of D. caninum

A

Dog (cysticercoid)

122
Q

Symptoms of D. caninum (SEDAA)

A

Slight intestinal discomfort
epigrastric pain
diarrhea
anal pruritus
allergic reactions

Parasitology Lecture (7 decks)

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