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Ecology > protostomes (exam3) > Flashcards

protostomes (exam3) Flashcards

1
Q

In protostomes, does the mouth or anus develop first?

A

mouth

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2
Q

In protostomes, the coelom is formed by ____.

A

splitting

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3
Q

In deuterostomes, the coelom is formed by ____.

A

pinching

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4
Q

In protostomes, early isolated ____ cells lack the ability to form a complete ____.

A

-embryonic
-embryo

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5
Q

What are the two lineages of protostomes?

A

-lophotrochozoa
-ecdysozoa

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6
Q

Protostomes transitioned to land ____ times.

A

multiple

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7
Q

In the transition to land, protostomes faced the challenge of gravity. What was the adaptation?

A

-hydrostatic skeletons
-exoskeletons

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8
Q

In the transition to land, protostomes faced the challenge of gas exchange. What was the adaptation?

A

-high surface area bodies
-internal gills, lungs, tracheae

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9
Q

In the transition to land, protostomes faced the challenge of dehydration. What was the adaptation?

A

-waxy cuticle
-closeable air holes
-watertight shells
-ability to move
-desiccation resistant eggs

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10
Q

Lophotrochozoans have a feeding structure called a ____.

A

lophophore

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11
Q

Lophotrochozoans have a type of larvae called a ____.

A

trochophore

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12
Q

Lophotrochozoans have ____ cleavage. (which is unique to this group)

A

spiral

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13
Q

Lophotrochozoans grow ____.

A

incrementally

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14
Q

____ provides the strongest evidence that Lophotrochozoans are a monophyletic group.

A

molecular synapomorphies

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15
Q

Platyhelminthes (flatworms) lack a ____.

A
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16
Q

Platyhelminthes (flatworms) lack structures specialized for ____ & circulation of ____ & ____

A

-gas exchange
-oxygen
-nutrients

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17
Q

Flatworms are found only in ____ environments.

A

moist

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18
Q

In Platyhelminthes (flatworms), the flatted body is likely an adaptation to greatly increase ____ ratio

A

surface-area-to-volume

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19
Q

Annelida (segmented worms) have a ____ and full develomed ____.

A

-coelom
-digestive tract

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20
Q

Annelida (segmented worms) have a ____ body.

A

segmented

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21
Q

How many species of Annelida (segmented worms) are there?

A

over 20,000

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22
Q

Annelida (segmented worms) have bristle-like extensions called ____.

A

chaetae

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23
Q

Mollusca has ____ coelom, that functions for ____ & ____.

A

-reduced
-reproduction
-excretion

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24
Q

How many species of Mollusca are there?

A

85-95 thousand

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25
Q

What are the 3 parts of the Mollusca body plan?

A

-foot
-visceral mass
-mantle

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26
Q

The foot can be modified as ____.

A

-digging appendage
-arms
-tentacles

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27
Q

The visceral mass functions includes ____, ____ organs, & ____.

A

-feeding
-digestive
-breathing

28
Q

What kind of teeth are found in the visceral mass?

A

radular teeth

29
Q

What structure in the visceral mass is responsible for gas exchange? And how many are there?

A

-gills
-2

30
Q

One disadvantage of the visceral mass is that it ____ easily.

A

dries out

31
Q

In many species the mantle secretes a shell made of ____.

A

calcium carbonate

32
Q

In terrestrial snails, the mantle forms an ____.

A

internal lung

33
Q

In bivalves the mantle is lined with muscle & forms tubes called ____.

A

siphons

34
Q

The mantle in cephalopods, (siphon) functions in ____.

A

jet propulsion

35
Q

Rotifera, Platyhelminthes, Annelida, & Mollusca are all ____.

A

Lophotrochozoans

36
Q

Nematode, Tardigrada, Onychophora, & Arthropoda are all ____.

A

Ecdysozoa

37
Q

Ecdysozoa grow ____ by molting: shedding an exoskeleton or external covering

A

intermittently

38
Q

In Ecdysozoa, a hormone called ____ helps regulate molting cycles

A

ecdysone

39
Q

Nematoda (roundworms) have no ____ and are not ____. They follow the tube-within-a-tube body plan.

A

-appendages
-segmented

40
Q

Nematoda (roundworms) have a ____, which is lined only partially.

A

pseudocoelom

41
Q

Nematoda (roundworms) have a ____ cuticle that is ____ during growth.

A

-elastic
-molted

42
Q

There are ____ species of Nematoda (roundworms)

A

less than 20,000

43
Q

Tardigrada & Onychophora (Water Bears & Velvet Worms) have a ____ body plan & ____ limbs

A

segmented

44
Q

Tardigrada & Onychophora (Water Bears & Velvet Worms) cuticle is not hardened as an ____; limbs are not ____

A

-exoskeleton
-jointed

45
Q

Tardigrada (Water Bears) are ____ & live in diverse environment, often withstanding ____ conditions

A

-microscopic
-extreme

46
Q

Onychophora (Velvet Worms) are caterpillar-like organisms (prey on ____)

A

invertebrates

47
Q

Arthropods have 2 or 3 body segments or ____.

A

tagmata

48
Q

Arthropods have ____ limbs and an ____.

A

-jointed
-exoskeleton

49
Q

How many species of arthropods are there? Why are there so many?

A

-over a million (largest group on Earth)
-they have a great body plan

50
Q

Myriapods have ____ tagmata. A head region & a long trunk with a series of many ____.
They can have no or several pairs of ____.

A

-2
-segments
-eyes

51
Q

Centipedes have ____ pair of legs per segment.

A

1

52
Q

Millipedes have ____ pairs of legs per segment.

A

2

53
Q

Chelicerae have two tagmata: ____ & ____

A

-cephalothorax
-abdomen

54
Q

Chelicerae is also:

A

a multipurpose appendage near the mouth

55
Q

Chelicerae have pedipalps, which:

A

handle food & other functions

56
Q

Crustacea have ___ or ___ tagmata:

A

2 or 3

57
Q

Crustacea are the only extant arthropod with two pairs of ____.

A

antennae

58
Q

In crustacea the ____ are usually on mounted stalks.

A

eyes

59
Q

What is the oldest arthropod lineage?

A

crustacea

60
Q

What is the biggest group of arthropods?

A

insects

61
Q

Insecta have ____ tagmata.

A

3

62
Q

In Insecta, ___ pairs of walking legs extend from the ventral surface of the ____.

A

-three
-thorax

63
Q

Insects usually have 1-2 pairs of ____ on the thorax.

A

wings

64
Q

The head on insects consists of ____ parts. ____ structures, one pair of ____, two or three simple ____ (or a pair of compound ____)

A

-4
-Mouthpart
-antennae
-eyes x2

65
Q

Incomplete metamorphosis

A

the juvenile looks like a smaller version of the adult and they eat the same foods

66
Q

Complete metamorphosis

A

the larvae look different from the adults and they eat different foods

Ecology (11 decks)

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