population growth (exam 4) Flashcards
Describe the ultimate and proximate causes of random spatial distribution
-not very common
Proximate: wind and current dispersion
-Ultimate: can be beneficial in some environments
Describe the ultimate and proximate causes of clumped spatial distribution
-most common
-Proximal: individuals stick in groups for mating, feeding and protection
-Ultimate: fitness favors individuals that stay in groups
Describe the ultimate and proximate causes of uniform spatial distribution
Proximate: less competition for resources
Ultimate: natural selection favors less competition
Life tables
summarize the probability that an individual will survive & reproduce over the course of its lifetime
Survivorship
the proportion of offspring that survive, on average, to a particular age
Type 1
tend to live for a long time
Type 2
steady rate
Type 3
tend to have high mortality rates as juveniles
Fecundity
the number of female offspring produced by each female in the population
Net Reproductive Rate
indicates whether the population is increasing or decreasing (assuming immigration/emigration are insignificant)
Per Capita Rate of Increase (r)
The difference between the birth rate and the death rate
△N/△t
change in population size over a given time period
K
carrying capacity
Logistic population growth
population growth that eventually hits a carrying capacity (k)
r= b-d
per capita intrinsic rate of increase
