protists and human disease Flashcards

1
Q

diseases caused by apicomplexa

A

malaria and cryptococcoidis, toxoplasmosis

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2
Q

diseases caused by amoebazoa

A

entomoebas cause amoebiasis

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3
Q

diseases caused by excavates

A

parabasilidis e.g. trichomonad vaginalis causes trichomoniasis
diplomonads e.g. giardia lamblia causes giardiasis
kinetoplastids e.g. trypanosoma

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4
Q

trypanosoma cruzi

A

chagas disease

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5
Q

vector of chagas

A

triatomine bugs

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6
Q

trypomastigote

A

found in bloodstream of infected vertebrates

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7
Q

epimastigote

A

found in the insect vector

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8
Q

amastigote

A

intracellular dividing form in the cytoplasm of vertebrate cells

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9
Q

host localisation of chagas

A
intracellular in:
cardiac muscle 
smooth muscle 
autonomic nerves
macrophages
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10
Q

immune invasion of chagas

A

intracellular multiplication and immune response is primarily cellular (t-cells)
can grow within macrophages

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11
Q

trypanosoma brucei

A

african sleep sickness

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12
Q

trypanosoma brucei vector

A

tsetse fly

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13
Q

west sleeping sickness

A

trypanosoma brucei GAMBIENSE

invades CNS and chronic

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14
Q

east sleeping sickness

A

trypanosoma brucei RHODESIENSE

organ damage and acute

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15
Q

host invasion of T. brucei

A
inoculated by tsetse fly
blood 
lymph 
lymph nodes 
CSF
brain
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16
Q

Host localisation of sleeping sickness

A

intercellular

17
Q

sleeping sickness immune invasion

A

parasite presents VAT
coat made up of VSG (highly packed prevents immune recognition and protects against lytic compounds)
unique to african trypanosomas

18
Q

immune invasion of T brucei

A

VSG one coat and VAT1
host produces antibodies against VAT1 and destroys parasites

VSG 2 coat produces VAT2 but host has no antibodies against VAT 2 so it increases

19
Q

procyclin

A

single surface antigen expressed by tsetse fly gut trypanosomes

20
Q

where is first VSG produced?

A

in salivary gland produced by infective metacyclic trypomastigote

21
Q

what is needed for VSG’s to be expressed?

A

must be located in telomeric expression sites

22
Q

how many expressions sites do blood stream forms of parasite t.brucei have?

23
Q

how many VSGs can be expressed at a time?

A

one, there is only one active expression site

24
Q

what leads to antigenic variation?

A
in situ switch (use of different VSG expression site) 
Gene conversion (DNA recombination in active expression site)
25
sleeping sickness acute form
haematolymphatic phase
26
sleeping sickness chronic form
meningoencephalitic phase
27
T.cruzi life cycle summary
ingestion of parasites with blood meal | defecation of parasites near wound
28
T.brucei life cycle summary
ingestion of parasites with blood meal | inoculation of parasites in saliva by tsetse fly