protists and human disease

Question 1

diseases caused by apicomplexa

Answer 1

malaria and cryptococcoidis, toxoplasmosis

Question 2

diseases caused by amoebazoa

Answer 2

entomoebas cause amoebiasis

Question 3

diseases caused by excavates

Answer 3

parabasilidis e.g. trichomonad vaginalis causes trichomoniasis
diplomonads e.g. giardia lamblia causes giardiasis
kinetoplastids e.g. trypanosoma

Question 4

trypanosoma cruzi

Answer 4

chagas disease

Question 5

vector of chagas

Answer 5

triatomine bugs

Question 6

trypomastigote

Answer 6

found in bloodstream of infected vertebrates

Question 7

epimastigote

Answer 7

found in the insect vector

Question 8

amastigote

Answer 8

intracellular dividing form in the cytoplasm of vertebrate cells

Question 9

host localisation of chagas

Answer 9

intracellular in:
cardiac muscle 
smooth muscle 
autonomic nerves
macrophages

Question 10

immune invasion of chagas

Answer 10

intracellular multiplication and immune response is primarily cellular (t-cells)
can grow within macrophages

Question 11

trypanosoma brucei

Answer 11

african sleep sickness

Question 12

trypanosoma brucei vector

Answer 12

tsetse fly

Question 13

west sleeping sickness

Answer 13

trypanosoma brucei GAMBIENSE

invades CNS and chronic

Question 14

east sleeping sickness

Answer 14

trypanosoma brucei RHODESIENSE

organ damage and acute

Question 15

host invasion of T. brucei

Answer 15

inoculated by tsetse fly
blood 
lymph 
lymph nodes 
CSF
brain

Question 16

Host localisation of sleeping sickness

Answer 16

intercellular

Question 17

sleeping sickness immune invasion

Answer 17

parasite presents VAT
coat made up of VSG (highly packed prevents immune recognition and protects against lytic compounds)
unique to african trypanosomas

Question 18

immune invasion of T brucei

Answer 18

VSG one coat and VAT1
host produces antibodies against VAT1 and destroys parasites

VSG 2 coat produces VAT2 but host has no antibodies against VAT 2 so it increases

Question 19

procyclin

Answer 19

single surface antigen expressed by tsetse fly gut trypanosomes

Question 20

where is first VSG produced?

Answer 20

in salivary gland produced by infective metacyclic trypomastigote

Question 21

what is needed for VSG’s to be expressed?

Answer 21

must be located in telomeric expression sites

Question 22

how many expressions sites do blood stream forms of parasite t.brucei have?

Answer 22

20

Question 23

how many VSGs can be expressed at a time?

Answer 23

one, there is only one active expression site

Question 24

what leads to antigenic variation?

Answer 24

in situ switch (use of different VSG expression site) 
Gene conversion (DNA recombination in active expression site)

Question 25

sleeping sickness acute form

Answer 25

haematolymphatic phase

Question 26

sleeping sickness chronic form

Answer 26

meningoencephalitic phase

Question 27

T.cruzi life cycle summary

Answer 27

ingestion of parasites with blood meal

defecation of parasites near wound

Question 28

T.brucei life cycle summary

Answer 28

ingestion of parasites with blood meal

inoculation of parasites in saliva by tsetse fly