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Microbiology > lecture 4- antibiotics > Flashcards

lecture 4- antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

cell wall synthesis

A 
cycloserine
vancomycin 
bacitracin 
penicillin 
cephalosporin
monobactams
carbapenems
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2
Q

protein synthesis (50s)

A

erythromycin (macrolides)
chloramphenicol
clindamycin
lincomycine

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3
Q

DNA gyrase

A

quinolones

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4
Q

RNA elongation

A

actinomycin

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5
Q

Proteins synthesis (30s)

A 
tetracycline
Spectinomycin 
streptomycin
gentamicin
kanamycin
amikacin 
nitrofurans
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6
Q

protein synthesis (tRNA)

A

Mupirocin

puromycin

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7
Q

cytoplasmic membrane and structure

A

polymyxins

Daptomycin

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8
Q

folic acid metabolism

A

trimethoprim

sulphonamides

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9
Q

bacillus licheniformis

A

Bacitracin

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10
Q

cephalosporium spp.

A

cephalosporins

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11
Q

streptomycin griseus

A

cycloheximide

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12
Q

streptomycin orchidaceus

A

cycloserine

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13
Q

streptomycin erythreus

A

erythromycin

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14
Q

penicillium griseofulvum

A

griseofulvin

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15
Q

streptomyces kanamyceticus

A

kanamycin

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16
Q

streptomyces linolnensis

A

lincomycin

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17
Q

streptomyces fradiae

A

neomycin

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18
Q

streptomyces noursei

A

nystatin

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19
Q

penicillium chrysogenum

A

penicillin

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20
Q

bacillus polymyxa

A

polymyxin B

21
Q

streptomyces griseus

A

streptomycin

22
Q

streptomyces rimosus

A

tetracycline

23
Q

aminoglycosides

A

kanamycin
neomycin
amikacin

24
Q

macrolides

A

erythromycin

25
Q

sensitive to beta-lactamase

A 
penicillin G (gram +)
ampicillin + amoxicillin (broad spectrum- both gram negative and positive)
26
Q

resistant to beta-lactamase

A

methicillin

oxacillin

27
Q

against mycobacteria

A

isoniazid

28
Q

against gram negative

A

polymyxins

tobramycin

29
Q

against gram positive

A

penicillin
vancomycin
daptomycin

30
Q

against both gram negative and gram positive

A 
Aminoglycosides (except for streptomycin)
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (Augmentin)
Carbapenems (e.g. imipenem)
Piperacillin/tazobactam
Quinolones (e.g. ciprofloxacin)
Tetracyclines
Chloramphenicol
Ticarcillin
bactrim
31
Q

antibiotics in order of worldwide production

A

beta-lactams
fluoroquinolones
macrolides
aminoglycosides

32
Q

bacteriostatic

A 
stop growth by interfering with:
DNA replication
protein production 
cellular metabolism 
*usually bind to ribosomes
33
Q

examples of bacteriostatic antibiotics

A 
tetracycline 
sulphonamides
macrolides
chloramphenicol
spectinomycin
trimethorprim
34
Q

Bacteriocidal

A

kill bacteria by inhibiting cell wall synthesis

cells are not destroyed so total cell count remains constant and is reflected by the turbidity of the culture

35
Q

examples of bactericidal antibiotics

A

beta-lactams
cephalosporins
vancomycin
fluoroquinolone

36
Q

bacteriolytic

A

type of bactericidal but kills bacteria by causing lysis

because the cell is damaged it cannot be viewed therefore there is a decrease in total cell count

37
Q

examples of bacteriolytic

A

polymyxin B and penicillin

38
Q

resistance mechanism in penicillin

A

reduced permeability

inactivation of antibiotic by beta-lactamase

39
Q

resistance mechanism in chloramphenicol

A

efflux

inactivation of antibiotic by acetylation

40
Q

resistance mechanism of aminoglycosides

A

inactivation of antibiotic

41
Q

resistance mechanism of erythromycin, streptomycin,

A

efflux and alteration of target e.g. ribosome

42
Q

resistance mechanism for rifamycin

A

alteration of target e.g RNA polymerase

43
Q

resistance mechanism of norfloxacin

A

DNA gyrase

44
Q

resistance mechanism for sulphonamides

A

resistant biochemical pathways e.g. folic acid synthesis

45
Q

resistance mechanism for tetracycline

A

efflux

46
Q

resistance against streptomycin

A

inactivation of antibiotic by phosphorylation and adenylation

47
Q

drug resistant genes found on which plasmid

A

R plasmid

48
Q

aminoglycosides

A

Gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, streptomycin, neomycin, and paromomycin

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