Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Parasitology > Protists > Flashcards

Protists Flashcards

0
Q

Which species of Cyclospora is found in humans

What clinical signs are associated

A

C. cayetanensis

Diarrhea in people in South America

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

In what animal and organ is Klossiella normally found

A

In the kidneys of horses and mice, usually nonpathogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are some hosts of Cyclospora

A

Snakes, primates, rodents, insectivores (and moles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is Cyclospora usually transmitted to people?

A

Ingest contaminated water or produce (raspberries!!!)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q 
Define some terms relative to the life cycle of Protista.
Zoite 
Sporozoite
Tropozoite
Schizigomy
Gametogeny
Zygote
A

Zoite - motile form
Sporozoite - haploid stage
Zygote - diploid stage
Tropozoite - stage once the protist has entered a cell
Schizogony - split asexually (schizizoites are daughter cells of this split)
Gametogeny - sexual reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

For Cystoisospora, what stage does the life cycle arrest at

A

Arrested sporozoite stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Characterize the oocyst of Cystoisospora

A

No polar cap

2 sporocysts each with 4 sporozoites in them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the prevalence of Cystoisospora in regards to age ranges

A

More prevalent diseases in young animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What part of the animal do Sarcosysts live in?

A

Muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are key features of the Sarcocystis life cycle

A

Requires a vertebrate intermediate host where schizonts develop in the endothelial cells, then sporulated sporocysts form oocysts that are seen in the muscles
Carnivorous final host where gametogony only occurs in the intestinal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why is EPM only seen in the Americas

A

The intermediate host is the the opossum… Only 4 species, in Americas
Sheds sporocysts into environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is EPM and what organism causes it?

A

Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis

Sarcocystis neurona

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is one characteristic of EPM infection?

A

Formation of schizonts in dividing cells in equine (neural) tissues
Cats, skunks, & 9 banded armadillos can have muscle stages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What role do cattle serve in the Besnoitia besnoiti life cycle

A

Intermediate hosts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the final host of most Besnoitia species of veterinary significance

A

Cats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the intermediate hosts of 2 species of Besnoitia besides B. Besnoiti

A

B. Darlingi - opossums in US
B. Wallacei - rodents in US

Other B. Species affect donkeys, mainly miniature donkeys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does a facultative heteroxenous life cycle refer to?

Ex. Of one organism that has this type of life cycle.

A

Can utilize paratenic hosts… Can be completed in a single host or can utilize other hosts for completion of the life cycle

Toxoplasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In what animal was Toxoplasma gondii first found

A

A gundi, a small rodent in North Africa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which life stage of people are most severely affected by Toxoplasma and which life stage of the agent is responsible for disease?

A

Newborn infants infected in utero

Tachyzoite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What form of Toxoplasma gondii is shed in cat feces

A

Oocysts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How are people infected with Toxoplasma gondii

A

Ingest raw/undercooked meat (visceral infection with small cysts in paratenic hosts; with the general exception of beef) or oocysts from contaminated soil or vegetables (enteric infection in cats, shed in feces).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the 4 forms that toxoplasma gondii appears as in human hosts

A
  1. Chronic infxn with bradyzoites
  2. Acute disease with multiplying tachyzoites following first exposure
  3. Infection of infants in utero
  4. Recrudescence by reactivation of Brady into tachyzoites
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What needs to happen for recrudescence of an existing infection to occur?

A

Immunosupression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When is a fetus in danger of being infected with toxoplasma

A

When the mother is infected for the very first time while pregnant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Why are signs worse when the fetus is infected during the first trimester

A

More cells are rapidly dividing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What species of Protista is normally associated with posterior flaccid paralysis in puppies

A

Neospora caninum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How are most puppies with Neospora caninum derived paralysis infected

A

Transplacentally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What other species are affected by Neospora caninum, and how

A

Cow, causes abortions. Usually no repeat abortions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are vectors of hepatozoon of different species

A

Hepatozoon canis and Hepatozoon americanum in dogs transmitted by tick… Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Amblyomma maculatum respectively
Species in rodents vectored by mites
Species in reptiles vectored by mosquitoes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Describe the life cycle of Hepatozoon americanum in reference to its hosts

A

Ingested by tick as gamonts in blood,
sexual replication in tick gut makes oocysts in body cavity of tick,
Dog eats tick or paratenic host (infected rabbit)
Schizonts occur in various tissues and gamonts in white blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What clinical signs are associated with Hepatozoon infection in dogs
How is it treated

A

Arthritis pain
Relapses are expected
No real Tx, control with quinolone anticoccidial agent

31
Q

What is the only vertebrate host cell affected by Babesia

A

Red blood cells

32
Q

What species causes bovine piroplasmosis

A

Babesia bigemina, often gather in pairs to destroy RBCs

33
Q

How is Babesia bigemina transmitted

A

Rhipicephalus ssp.

34
Q

How is Babesia transmitted from tick to tick

A

Vertically, sporozoites multiply in the tick ovary infecting larva that hatch from her eggs

35
Q

What is the vector of Babesia divergans and why is it important

A

Ixodes ricinus - it is a 3 host tick and the parasite is transmitted to all three stages. Humans can be affected zoonotic

36
Q

What species of Babesia affect dogs and what are their intermediate hosts
What are signs associated with disease

A

Babesia canis and Babesia gibsoni
Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Haemaphysalis longicornis, H. bispinosa

Hematuria and jaundice

37
Q

How is Theileria is different from Babesia in infection of cells

A

Theileria infects lymphocyte and schizonts in lymphocytes induce them to undergo proliferation and division

38
Q

How is Theileria transmitted and what is the associated disease

A

Via tick bite

East coast fever in cattle (enlarged lymph nodes) and deer - affects erythrocytes, lymphocytes and endothelial cells

39
Q

What agent and vector are associated with equine piroplasmosis

A

Theileria equi

Amblyomma cajennense

40
Q

What do people infected by Babesia and Theileria often have in common

A

Been splenectomized

41
Q

How does Cytauxzoon differ from Theileria?

A

Schizonts in vertebrates occur in macrophages instead of lymphocytes

42
Q

How does Cytauxzoon kill cats

A

Turn blood into macrophage jelly, occlude the lumen, no room for RBCs in lungs spleen and LNs

43
Q

What is the natural host of Cytauxzoon felis

A

Bobcat, Lynx rufus

44
Q

What is the vector of Cytauxzoon felis to cats

A

Amblyomma americanum

45
Q

What is the best way to prevent a cat’s infection with Cytauxzoon

A

Seresto collar

46
Q

What is the causative agent of malaria

A

Plasmodium

47
Q

What species can be affected with malaria

A

All primates, birds, rodents, and reptiles (mainly lizards)

48
Q

Brief overview of life history of plasmodium

A

Sporozoites injected into host during mosquito feeding
Enter hepatocytes and become trophozoites, then undergo schizogony, cell lysis merozoites enter RBCs and undergo second round of schizogony. Cycle continues with RBCs
Eventually merozoites develop into gametocytes and are ingested by mosquito. Within mosquito they mature and develop fertilized zygotes.

49
Q

How does the life cycle of plasmodium manifest as clinical signs

A

Cycles of schizogony manifest of cycles chills (schizogony within cells) and fever (cells rupture and release merozoites)

50
Q

Haemoproteus are parasites of what animals

Associated disease?

A

Birds, turtles and lizards

Considered nonpathogenic

51
Q

What are vectors of Haemoproteus

A

Culicoides, hippoboscidae, chrysops - ingest erythrocytes containing gametocytes

52
Q

What are Leucocytozoon parasites of

A

Domestic and wild birds

53
Q

What are vectors of Leucocytozoon

A

Black flies (simulium)

54
Q

Which species develops megaloschizonts in the liver of chickens

A

Leucocytozoon caulleryi

55
Q

Which species are parasitized by Hepatocystis?

A

Lower monkey, fruit bat and old world squirrels

56
Q

Give examples of photosynthetic Stramenopiles

A

Brown seaweed, diatoms

57
Q

Give an example of non photosynthetic Stramenopiles

A

Opalinids - small group of amphibian parasites

Saprolegniales - water molds

58
Q

What is the common name for Saprolegniales

A

Water molds

59
Q

How do water molds get their energy

A

Saprophytic - feed on dead things

Weakly parasitic

60
Q

How do water molds reproduce

A

Asexual - sporangia (structures containing spores) release zoospores (motile asexual spore that uses a flagellum for locomotion)
Sexual - gametangial contact

61
Q

Name one disease caused by water molds bad the animals severely affected

A

Pythiosis

Dogs and horses

62
Q

What are the three parts of brown algae

A

Root-like holdfast, stem-like stipe, and a leaf-like blade

63
Q

What is the host of Blastocystis hominis

A

Humans and a wide range of animals (birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians and arthropods)

64
Q

Does water treatment kill 100% of Blastocystis?

A

No, Blastocystis populations remain high in sewage

65
Q

What type of organisms make up the classification of Excavates

A

Amoebas

66
Q

What is the cause of primary amebic meningoencephalitis

A

Naegleria fowleri

67
Q

How is Entamoeba histolytica transmitted

A

Human to human via feces

68
Q

What is a diagnostic histological legion of Entamoeba histolytica

A

Upside-down champagne glass shaped lesions in intestinal mucosa

69
Q

What is unique about Entamoeba histolytica

A

They (only amoebas to) eat red blood cells

70
Q

What is nonpathogenic amoeba that is morphologically indistinguishable from Entamoeba histolytica

A

Entamoeba dispar

71
Q

How does Acanthamoeba typically infect people

A

Dirty contact lenses, causing eye disease (keratitis)

72
Q

How is Acanthamoebic keratitis often misdiagnoses

A

As herpes simplex virus infection

73
Q

What is disease progression to Acanthamoebic encephalitis

A

Inefection in skin, hematogenous spread to the brain of immunosuppressed individuals

74
Q

What is another organism besides Acanthamoeba that can cause granulomatous amebic encephalitis

A

Balamuthia, also usually involves skin lesions and associated with a finger stick.

Parasitology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions