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Parasitology > Crustacea and Insects Part I > Flashcards

Crustacea and Insects Part I Flashcards

0
Q

Common name for the pentastomid group found in mammals, and where they are found in their host

A

Tongueworm

Resp. Tract

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1
Q

Name two classes of Crustacea

A

Pentastomid

Copepod

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2
Q

Defining features of pentastomids

A

Mouth surrounded by 4 hooks

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3
Q

What are the preferred hosts of most genera of the pentastomid class?
What are the exceptions

A

Respiratory tract of reptiles
Reighardia sternae in lungs of aquatic birds
Linguatula serrata in nasal sinuses of mammals

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4
Q

Which pentastomids require an intermediate host?

A

All except Reighardia (birds affected via direct transmission)
Intermediate host in all cases are vertebrates, except one

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5
Q

Differentiate between male and female pentastomatids by size.

A

Males are much smaller than females

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6
Q

Pentastomid life stage when infecting its final host?

Mode of transmission

A

Larvae

Ingestion of intermediate host

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7
Q

How many larvae does each pentastomatid egg hold?

A

4-5

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8
Q

What are the hosts of Raillietiella frenatus

A

Final host, lizard (gecko)

Intermediate host, cockroach (ingested by geckos)

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9
Q

Which pentastomids are found in snake lungs

A

Kirricephalus/Porocephalus

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10
Q

What is the the pentastomid that affects both large snakes and rodents?

A

Armillifer

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11
Q

3 parts of an insect thorax

A

Prothorax
Mesothorax
Metathorax

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12
Q

How many wings do insects have and where do they attach

A

2 wings attach at mesothorax
4 wings attach at mesothorax and metathorax
Or no wings

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13
Q

What is molting and why does it occur (insects).

A

Casting off the chitinous cuticle to allow growth and metamorphosis

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14
Q

How is the exoskeleton adapted to allow for movement

A

Heavily chitinized areas (plates) are connected by thinner much thinner sections of chitin

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15
Q

What type of muscle do insects have

A

Striated muscle

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16
Q

What is another term for molting

A

Ecdysis

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17
Q

Define simple metamorphosis

A

When all instars (life stages separated by molting events) resemble the adult

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18
Q

What are the instars of an animal that undergoes Complex metamorphosis, describe each

A

Larva (worm-like juvenile)
Pupa (juvenile inside the pupal case undergoing complete reconstruction into the adult form)
Adult (stage that has eclosed from the pupal case)

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19
Q

What is the common name for the order Trichoptera and how many wings do they have

A

Caddisfly

4 wings

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20
Q

What is the environment/habitat of the Trichoptera larva

A

Aquatic in fresh water

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21
Q

What is the importance of the caddisfly

A

Serve as intermediate host for the trematode Vector of Neorickettsia risticii - causes Potomac horse fever (when mature caddisfly is ingested by horse) and Chasta River disease

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22
Q

What is the final host of the trematode which carries Neorickettsia risticii

A

Bat

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23
Q

What does Diptera mean

A

2 wings

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24
Q

Name an important group of insects in the order Diptera

A

Biting flies

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25
Q

What are distinguishing features of the wings of Diptera

A

Second set of wings replaced by halteres (lollipops as Dr. Bowman likes to say) with the main function of maintaining balance

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26
Q

What are the suborders of Diptera (with literal translation) and give an example of each

A

Nematocera (thread horns - meaning long antennae) ex. Mosquito and blackflies
Brachycera (short horns - meaning short antennae) ex. Horseflies and deer flies
Cyclorrhapha (round holes) ex. House fly, tse tse, and bots

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27
Q

What type of metamorphosis do insects of the order Diptera undergo

A

Complete metamorphosis

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28
Q

Which Dipterids require a blood meal

A

Generally only female Nematocera and Brachycera

Both male and female Cyclorrhapha

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29
Q

Where do Dipterids tend to undergo development

A

Nematocera and Brachycera - aquatic environments (except phlebotamine sandflies)
Cyclorrhapha - soil, decaying material or flesh

30
Q

What family do Mosquitos belong to

A

Culicidae

31
Q

What are some important organisms for which Mosquitos serve as vectors

A

Fileriid worms: Dirofileria immitis - canine heartworm and Wuchereria bancrofti - cause of human lymphatic filariasis
Plasmodium - cause of malaria in birds, rodents and primates
Viral encephalitides: West Nile Virus, viruses of fowl pox and yellow, dengue and Rift Valley fevers

32
Q

What genus of mosquito is important in spreading human malaria

A

Anopheles

33
Q

Describe the feeding method of mosquitos

A

Insert proboscis thought the skin and into a small blood vessel. Part of the proboscis introduces saliva into the host to prevent blood clotting. Another part allow the blood to be sucked up into the mosquito.

34
Q

Where does mosquito larval development occur

A

In water, preferably still or protected water

35
Q

What are differences in egg laying of the two main groups of mosquitos

A

Anopheles: eggs laid singly on water with floats on either side
Culicine: laid in groups forming a floating raft on water, or in tree holes or flood plains where eggs can hatch once the water level rises

36
Q

Describe larval development of mosquitos (feeding, # of instars)

A

Filter feeders

4 larval instars

37
Q

Describe the mosquito pupa

A

Comma shaped with 2 breathing tubes on each side of the thorax

38
Q

What family do blackflies belong to

A

Simulidae

39
Q

Describe the blackfly larva and the env. in which they develop.

A

Have gills, live in fast flowing water

40
Q

How does the female blackfly feed

A

She is a pool feeder, rasping a small hole in the hosts’ flesh and feeding on the tissue juices and blood (does not feed directly from vessel)

41
Q

Scientific name (genus) for biting midges

A

Culicoides (also called no-see-ums)

42
Q

What suborder of Diptera do culicoides belong to

A

Nematocera

43
Q

What is one way to control biting midges

A

Use a fan (they only come out when there is no wind)

44
Q

How do biting midges feed

A

Pool feeders, like blackflies

45
Q

How are larvae of phlebotamine sandflies different from other Nematocera larvae

A

Have terrestrial development i.e. rodent tunnels, termite mounds

46
Q

What is the medical importance of phlebotamine sandflies

A

Leishmaniasis transmitted by their bite

47
Q

What families/groups do Culicoides and phlebotamine sandflies belong to

A

Ceratopogonidae

Psychodidae

48
Q

What genus do deer flies belong to and when are they most often encountered

A

Chrysops

Daytime summers

49
Q

What genus do most horse flies belong to

A

Tabanus

50
Q

Why do only females require a blood meal for Brachycera

A

Required for egg development

51
Q

Genus and species of house fly

A

Musca domestica

52
Q

How does house fly eat

A

Externally digests food then sucks it up

53
Q

Significance of Empusa muscae

A

Transmit fungal disease - fly lands, spores come out and stick to surface

54
Q

Genus and species of the face fly

A

Musca autumnalis

55
Q

Medical importance of Musca autumnalis

A

Feeds on eye and nasal discharge of horses and cattle serving as mechanical vector of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis organisms (pink eye) and biological vectors of Thelazia (eye worms)

56
Q

Genus and species of Australian bush fly

How does it differ from face fly

A

Musca vetustissima

Likes face of humans in addition to livestock

57
Q

Genus and species of stable fly

A

Stomoxys calcitrans

58
Q

Where do stable flies lay their eggs

A

Decaying vegetation (often damp with urine) and animal feces

59
Q

Which sex of stable fly feed on blood meals
Where on the host do they prefer to feed
How often

A

Both sexes
On legs
1-2 times a day

60
Q

Veterinary importance of stable fly

A

Biological vector of a nematode parasite of the horse stomach (H. microstoma)

61
Q

Genus and species of the horn fly

A

Haematobia irritans

62
Q

Where can Haematobia be found (on their host)

A

On the backs of cattle (on their belly of its raining or extremely sunny)

63
Q

How often do horn flies feed

A

30-40 x a day

64
Q

What do horn flies serve as vectors for

A

Stefanofilaria a nematode parasite of cattle and agent of stephanofilariasis - dermatitis on mid ventral region of abdomen

65
Q

What is the genus of the Tse tse

A

Glossina

66
Q

Where are Tse tse flies found

A

Only in Africa - fly belt south of the Sahara and north of Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe

67
Q

Disease associated with the Tse tse

A

Trypanosomiasis (African sleeping sickness)

68
Q

Details of feeding in Tse tse flies

A

Males and females take blood meals

Fees every 3-5 days

69
Q

Distinguishing features of the tse tse

A

Has a bayonet

Has meat cleaver veination on wings

70
Q

What is distinct about Glossina reproduction

A

Does not lay eggs

Egg hatches internally and female gives birth to a 3rd stage larva that is ready to burrow in the soil to pupate

71
Q

How do you differentiate between larvae of different fly species

A

Look at their spiracles (tse tse have Micky Mouse ear spiracles)

72
Q

How was the tse tse eradicated from Zanzibar

A

Sterile male release

Parasitology (8 decks)

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