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Parasitology > Myiasis > Flashcards

Myiasis Flashcards

0
Q

Define the 3 groups of myiasis producing flies

A

Primary myiasis - specific myiasis producers, larvae only found in living tissues
Secondary myiasis - semi-specific myiasis producers, eggs usually laid on dead tissues or decaying plant matter, but sometimes deposit larvae on living host
Tertiary myiasis - accidental myiasis, usually don’t develop in flesh, but can survive

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1
Q

What is a myiasis

A

A Dipteran that parasitizes as a larvae only, and not as an adult

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2
Q

What is the common term for Sarcophagidae

A

Flesh flies

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3
Q

General physical characteristics of sarcophagidids

A

About 2x as large as house fly, gray thorax with dark longitudinal stripes abdomen is checkered black and grey

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4
Q

Scientific name for blow flies

Other common names for blow flies

A

Calliphoridae

Bluebottle and greenbottle

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5
Q

Why are they called blow flies

A

Blow their larvae or eggs onto meat

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6
Q

What are common hosts of calliphorid myiasis

A

Rabbit

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7
Q

Scientific name for American screwworm

A

Cochliomyia hominvorax

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8
Q

What type of myiasis does the American screwworm produce

A

Primary myiasis

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9
Q

How are American screwworms controlled

A

X-radiation and release of sterile males

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10
Q

Where do American screwworm larvae pupate

A

Soil

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11
Q

What is the only known insect to eat the living flesh of warm-blooded animals

A

American screwworm

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12
Q

What countries have screwworms been eradicated from

A

USA
Mexico
Panama
Libya

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13
Q

What is the major cause of avian myiasis in North America

A

Blood sucking maggots of the genus Protocallifora

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14
Q

What families of fly are involved in obligate myiasis. (Besides screwworms)
As a group, what is their common name

A

Oestridae
Hypodermatidae
Gasterophilidae
Cuterebridae

Bot flies

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15
Q

Where can the host-specific site-specific parasites be found on their hosts (identify host and site)

A

Oestrus in nasal passages of sheep
Hypoderma in the dorsal subcutis of cattle
Gasteroplilus in the stomach of horses

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16
Q

Which bots occasionally affect humans, and how

A

Oestra deposit larvae in the eyes of shepherd

Hypoderma and Cuterebra migrate subtaneously

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17
Q

What is a distinct feature of adult bot flies

A

Have vestigial mouthparts and energy is deprived from that which was stored when the fly was a larva

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18
Q

What time of day are Oestrus most active

A

During warm times of day, or intervals of sunshine

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19
Q

Life history of Oestrus ovis

A

Larvae deposited I sheep nostril
Larvae crawl to mucosa of nasal passages (2wk). Halt development until warm weather
Migrate to frontal sinus where they mature to 3rd stage larvae

20
Q

What types of signs do Oestrus ovis cause in sheep

How do you treat it

A

None in mild infections
Sneezing nasal discharge and partial blockage of nasal passages in heavy infection
Tx with ivermectin

21
Q

Name some other nasal bots and their hosts

A

Rhinoestrus purpureus - horse
Cephalopina - camels
Cephenemyia - cervids

22
Q

Genus and species of gad fly or heel fly

A

Hypoderma bovis

Hypoderma lineatum

23
Q

What is a warble

A

Walnut sized lumps on the backs of cattle formed by Hypoderma in the subcutis

24
Q

Life history of Hypoderma

A

Females glue their eggs to hairs on the legs
H. Lineatum present in winter, H. Bovis present in summer
Eggs hatch and larvae burrow into skin
- h.lineatum present in esophageal tissues 5 mo later
- h.bovis present in spinal canal
Larvae ultimately migrate to sub-q tissues of back: molt twice, and grow larger
When fully developed, emerge and fall to ground to pupate

25
Q

Which genus is associate with migrating lumps in people

A

Hypoderma

26
Q

Where do different species of Gasterophilus deposit their eggs

A

G. Nasalis - hairs of intermandibular space
G. Hemorrhoidalis - hairs that adjoin the lips
G. Intestinalis - hairs of forelegs and shoulders

27
Q

Where do first stage Gasterophilus larvae occur

A

Tunnels in epithelium covering dorsal surface of Rostropovich 2/3 of tongue and in pockets between molar teeth
(Second stage also in mouth in interdental pockets or base of tongue)

28
Q

Where specifically are 3rd stage Gasterophilus larvae usually found

A 
First ampulla of duodenum in horse (nasalis)
Or stomach (intestinalis) above the fluid level
29
Q

What are the preferred hosts of cuterebra species

A

Rabbits and rodents

30
Q

What specific site are Cuterebra found on within the host

A

Under the skin

31
Q

Do Cuterebra produce primary, secondary or tertiary myiasis

A

Primary

32
Q

Life history of Cuterebra

A

Eggs deposited near animal burrows
Enter through natural body openings
Migrate to subcutaneous tissues, where development to third stage occurs
Larvae drop off host to pupate

33
Q

How often to cuterebrae lay eggs

A

Once a year in north (univoltine)

Active. Year-round in south

34
Q

Describe migration of cuterebra in the host

A 
Enter natural opening
Move to tracheal tissue
Penetrate thoracic cavity
Penetrate diaphragm
Enter peritoneal cavity
Enter sub-q tissue

Migrates around body 3-6 wks before making it to skin. Majority of growth occurs in sub-q

35
Q

What affect do Cuterebra have on cats

A

Can develop warbles

Disease from migrating maggots (respiratory signs, neuro disease)

36
Q

Genus species human bot fly

A

Dermatobia hominus

37
Q

When do the larvae become. Bots

A

Large maggot stage

38
Q

How are Dermatobia hominus eggs deposited

A

Eggs deposited on another fly’s body with hopes of contacting host… If no other fly, vegetation

39
Q

What stimulates D hominus eggs to hatch

A

Heat from vertebrate host

40
Q

Why can you not simply pull out a Dermatobia hominid when you spot the anterior end sticking out of a boil-like lesion

A

Maggot has large spine on its body that make it almost impossible to pull out the maggot without killing it or rupturing it (if maggot dies, increased risk if secondary bacterial infection)

41
Q

Genus and species of the tumbu fly

A

Cordylobia anthropophaga

42
Q

Where are tombu fly eggs deposited and what are their typical hosts

A

Eggs deposited in soil

Typical host is rodent. Can infect dog and human

43
Q

What is one way that has been reported as a means for Cordylobia anthropophaga to acquire humans as a host

A

Hang clothes up to dry and do not iron them

44
Q

Genus and species of Congo floor maggot

A

Auchmeromyia senegalensis

45
Q

What is particularly unique about the Congo floor maggot

A

Does not penetrate the skin, instead fastens to the host to suck blood

46
Q

What are common hosts of Auchmeromyia senegalensis

A

Wart hogs and other large burrowing mammals in Africa

47
Q

What type if human habitations has Auchmeromyia become adapted to

A

Those with wooden floors

Parasitology (8 decks)

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