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Parasitology > Nematodes Part 1 > Flashcards

Nematodes Part 1 Flashcards

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0
Q

What 3 things are classification of animal nematodes based on

A

Male reproductive organs, shape of the mouth and biology

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1
Q

Physical characteristics of nematodes

A

Covered with a cuticle
Have both a mouth and an anus
High internal body pressure
Typically have males and females

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2
Q

What is the name for a morphology of tubes within tubes

A

Psuedocoel

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3
Q

What are the bursate nematodes of importance in veterinary medicine (and this class)

A

Trichostrongyloidea
Strongyloidea
Ancylostomatoidea
Metastrongyloidea

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4
Q

What do all bursate nematodes have in common

A

A copulatory bursa at their posterior end

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5
Q 
Trichostrongyloidea
Hosts (include site)
Mouth shape
Type of Life cycle
Way to diagnose
A

GI tract of ruminants (and horses)
Small buccal cavity
Direct life cycle
See egg or larva in feces

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6
Q

Which group of nematodes can cause the bottle jaw symptom and diarrhea

A

Trichostrogyloides

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7
Q

Which genus of Trichostrongyloidea have larvae that are resistant to both freezing and drying out.

A

Trichostrongylus

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8
Q

Where (anatomically) does the life cycle of Trichostrongylus arrest

A

In mucosa of host

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9
Q

What is hypobiosis

A

When larvae go to sleep - arrest in development

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10
Q

What are animals infected with Trichostrongylus exhibiting watery green diarrhea predisposed to

A

Fly strike

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11
Q

Where is Trichostrongylus axei found

A

Abomasum of ruminants

Stomach of horses

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12
Q

Where is Trichostrongylus culubriformis found within the host

A

Small intestine

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13
Q

What stage larva enters the mucosa of the gut in Trichostrongylus

A

L3

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14
Q

What is the most important bovine parasite in the world? And where in the animal is it found

A

Ostertagia

In the abomasum

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15
Q

What is the complement of Ostertagia (found in cattle) in sheep

A

Teladorsagia

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16
Q

What do Ostertagia and Teladorsagia look like?
Type of life cycle
Where are larvae found

A

Reddish worms about 1 cm long
Direct life cycle
Larva in gastric glands - can arrest as fourth stage larvae

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17
Q

Describe type 1 and type 2 disease in Ostertagia and Teladorsagia

A
  1. Without hypobiosis, usually late summer, early fall, in calves and lambs
  2. With hypobiosis, late winter and early spring caused by synchronous emergence, in older animals
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18
Q

Clin signs and diagnosis for Ostertagia and Teladorsagia

A

Moroccan leather appearance of abomasum for diagnosis

Clin signs: watery diarrhea, appetite intact - no digestion - hypoproteinemia

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19
Q

Where is Haemonchus (adult) found

A

Abomasum of cattle and sheep

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20
Q

Type of Life cycle of Haemonchus

A

Direct

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21
Q

Characterize 3 forms of disease with Haemonchus infection

A

Hyperacute - new animals released on heavily contaminated pasture, disease before patience, no eggs seen
Acute - mainly in young animals, hypoproteinemia and submandibular edema, many adults, > 10,000 eggs
Chronic - most common, few worms, few eggs < 2000, unthrifty animal

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22
Q

Cooperia
Where is it found anatomically
Signs

A

Small intestine of ruminants

Not highly pathogenic, diarrhea, anorexia depressed growth

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23
Q

What does hyostrongylus cause

A

Ulcerative gastritis in pigs

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24
Where do hyostrongylus larvae develop
On pasture
25
Where are adult Nematodirus found | Associated disease
Small intestine | Destruction of mucosal architecture with diarrhea
26
What is special about Nematodirus
Huge egg Larva develop in egg shell Have long spicules
27
``` Ollulanus tricuspis Distinguishing characteristic Where is it found in the host Clinical presentation Transmission ```
Very small Trichostrongyle Live I stomach of cat Chronic vomiting Trans. From cat to cat in vomitus
28
Where do L3 Ollanus tricuspis develop
Third stage larva develop in stomach
29
Scientific name for lung-worm
Dictyocaulus viviparus
30
Hosts of different species of Dictyocaulus
D. Viviparous in cattle D. Filaria in sheep D. Arnfieldi in horses
31
Where are adult Dictyocaulus found
Trachea and bronchi | Usually only a problem in calves
32
Life cycle of Dictyocaulus
Female lay eggs, larvae hatch, go up respiratory tree, swallowed, passed in feces... After infection 3rd stage larva migrate to mesenteric Ln to molt to L4 then migrate to lungs
33
Disease in Dictyocaulus
Prepatent disease: bronchitis, possible emphazema | Patent disease: frothy white mucus in airways, parasitic pneumonia (aspirated eggs and larva into alveoli)
34
Morphology of strongyles
Bursate | Large buccal cavity with corona radiate and often large teeth at base
35
Characterize life cycle of large strongyles
Direct L3 infective by ingestion L3 resistant to desiccation and temp. extremes
36
Where are strongyes found
Cecum and colon, often in horse
37
Is Strongylus vulgaris a large or small Strongyle
Large
38
Where does L3 Strongylus vulgaris go to molt into L4
Cecum/colon
39
How does L4 Strongylus vulgaris migrate to the intestinal wall
Via blood vessels, arterioles and arteries
40
Where do L4 Strongylus vulgaris molt to immature adults
In nodules in large intestine mucosa
41
Which bursate nematode predisposes horses to aneurysms
Large Strongyle Strongylus vulgaris
42
What the of signs can cranial mesenteric artery derived emboli from migrating Strongylus vulgaris cause
``` Posterior paresis Infarction of kidneys Infarction of intestine Impaction Death ```
43
Strongylus edentatus life cycle
``` L3 burrow in wall of LIntestime and reach liver via portal veins Molt to L4 in liver Migrate through peritoneum back to LI Molt and penetrate intestinal lumen PPP 11 months ```
44
Is Strongylus edentatus a large or small Strongyle
Large.
45
Strongylus equinus Large or small? PPP Disease
Large 9 mo No natural disease
46
Major differences between large and small Strongyles
PPP much shorter in small Small are non migratory in the host They are physically smaller. Small often do not cause disease even in large numbers
47
Scientific name for shall strongyles
Cyathostominae
48
Associated disease with small strongyles
Diarrhea with emergence of large numbers of larvae from bowel wall in late winter early spring
49
Hosts of the following species: 1. Chabertia ovina 2. Oesophagostomum radiatum 3. Oesophagostomum columbianum 4. Oesophagostomum venulosum 5. Oesophagostomum dentanum
1. Ruminants 2. Cattle 3. And 4. Sheep 5. Pigs
50
Life cycle type of Chabertia and Oesophogostomum
Direct
51
Why are Chabertia and Oesophogostomum called nodular worm
Larvae encyst in SI and LI wall in large nodules
52
Stephanurus dentatus Host Site specific location in host Transmission
Pig Peri-renal fat Strongylid egg passed in URINE
53
Life cycle of stephanuris dentatus
Direct or earthworm paratenic host Larvae migrate in kidney liver peritoneum and muscles Settle in kidney PPP 9-16 mo
54
Effects of Stephanurus dentatus on pigs and farmers
Minimal dz - May die if migrate to spinal cord | Losses at slaughter
55
Where is Mammomonogamus laryngeus found
Trachea, larynx, nasal cavity of cattle buffalo goat sheep deer and people
56
Are hookworms bursate or no bursate
Bursate
57
Where do hook worms live
Small intestines
58
Ancyclostoma caninum life cycle
Eggs passed in feces Larva develop in soil to L3 (infective) Larva swallowed or skin penetration With skin penetration larva migrate to lungs, coughed up and swallowed With ingestion, remain in mucosa until adults
59
Transmission of Ancyclostoma caninum
Transmammary - arrested larvae | Paratenic hosts mice and rodents where larvae arrest.
60
Diseas associated with Ancyclostoma caninum
Peracute diseaae - transmammary infected puppies, anemia, prepatent Acute dz - older dogs, large number of eggs present, anemia and tarry stool Chronic dz - asymptomatic
61
Ancyclostoma tubaeforme hosts
Cats
62
How is transmission of Ancyclostoma tubaeforme different from Ancyclostoma caninum
No transmammary transmission
63
Zoonotic hookworm infections
Cutaneous larva migrans - A. Braziliensis usually | Large bowel disease - A. caninum
64
Hookworm species in ruminants and pigs
Bunostonum phlebotomum in cattle B. Trigonocephalum in sheep and goats transmammary trans. Not important for either Globocephalus in pigs, may have transmammary trans
65
Group for lungworms | Bursate or not
Metastrongyloidea | Bursate ( reduced in males)
66
Intermediate host for lungworms
Snail
67
Lungworms of pigs | Disease
Matastrongylus apri | Dz usually modest - pneumonia and parasitic bronchitis
68
Metastrongylus apri life cycle
Eggs coughed up and swallowed, contain L1 when passed in feces Egg eaten by earthworm Larva develops to L3 Pig eat earthworm and larvae penetrate intestine, enter lymphatic to head to heart then lungs
69
Lungworm of sheep
Protostrongylus
70
Protostrongylus life cycle
``` Eggs laid in lung, larva hatches Coughed up and swallowed Passed in feces Larva penetrates snail Host eats snail,while grazing larva enter lymphatics got to heart then lungs ```
71
Hair lungworm Scientific name Hosts
Muellerius capillaris in lung parenchyma Sheep, goats & deer
72
Parelaphostrongylus tenuis found where | Dz
Meningeal worm of white tailed deer, migrate through spinal cord No diseases in deer, but posterior paralysis in many other species
73
What metastrongyle resides in the lung parenchyma of cats and dogs Life cycle type Transmission
Filaroides hirthi Direct Larva in sputum or feces
74
Metastrongyle in dog trachea and bronchi | Transmission
``` Crenosoma vulpis Ingest snail intermediate host Also Oslerus osleri (nodules) Direct life cycle first stage larva in feces ```
75
Where is adult Angiostrongylus vasorum found in host
Pulmonary arteries
76
Distinguishable feature of Angiostrongylus vasorum larvae
Kink In tip of tail
77
Life cycle key points of Angiostrongylus vasorum
Snail intermediate host, may have frog and rodent paratenic host
78
Clin signs of Angiostrongylus vasorum
Chronically, progressing pulmonary disease and cardiac failure - depression stunted growth weight loss coughing decreased activity dyspnea edema
79
Cause of canine neural angiostrongylosis | 3 grades of disease
Angiostrongylus cantonensis 1. Caudal paresis, ataxia, pain with deep pressure 2. Progressed from 1 inability to stand or urinate 3. Rapid ascending paralysis with extreme hyperalgesia (poor prognosis)
80
Feline lungworm Where are adults found Dz Transmission
``` Aelurostrongylus abstrusus Bronchioles and alveolar ducts Bronchopneumonia Ingest vertebrate paratenic host, rarely eat snail intermediate host Tx with panacur ```
81
Troglostrongylus wilsoni Where is adult found Life cycle
Bronchi of cat | Indirect life cycle with mollusk intermediate host
82
Oslerus rostratus Where are adults found Dz
Lung parenchyma of cats | Chronic bronchitis and peribronchitis
83
Where is Gurltia paralysans found
Spinal cord in cats in Chile

Parasitology (8 decks)

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