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Parasitology > Nematodes Part 1 > Flashcards

Nematodes Part 1 Flashcards

0
Q

What 3 things are classification of animal nematodes based on

A

Male reproductive organs, shape of the mouth and biology

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1
Q

Physical characteristics of nematodes

A

Covered with a cuticle
Have both a mouth and an anus
High internal body pressure
Typically have males and females

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2
Q

What is the name for a morphology of tubes within tubes

A

Psuedocoel

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3
Q

What are the bursate nematodes of importance in veterinary medicine (and this class)

A

Trichostrongyloidea
Strongyloidea
Ancylostomatoidea
Metastrongyloidea

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4
Q

What do all bursate nematodes have in common

A

A copulatory bursa at their posterior end

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5
Q 
Trichostrongyloidea
Hosts (include site)
Mouth shape
Type of Life cycle
Way to diagnose
A

GI tract of ruminants (and horses)
Small buccal cavity
Direct life cycle
See egg or larva in feces

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6
Q

Which group of nematodes can cause the bottle jaw symptom and diarrhea

A

Trichostrogyloides

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7
Q

Which genus of Trichostrongyloidea have larvae that are resistant to both freezing and drying out.

A

Trichostrongylus

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8
Q

Where (anatomically) does the life cycle of Trichostrongylus arrest

A

In mucosa of host

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9
Q

What is hypobiosis

A

When larvae go to sleep - arrest in development

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10
Q

What are animals infected with Trichostrongylus exhibiting watery green diarrhea predisposed to

A

Fly strike

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11
Q

Where is Trichostrongylus axei found

A

Abomasum of ruminants

Stomach of horses

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12
Q

Where is Trichostrongylus culubriformis found within the host

A

Small intestine

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13
Q

What stage larva enters the mucosa of the gut in Trichostrongylus

A

L3

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14
Q

What is the most important bovine parasite in the world? And where in the animal is it found

A

Ostertagia

In the abomasum

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15
Q

What is the complement of Ostertagia (found in cattle) in sheep

A

Teladorsagia

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16
Q

What do Ostertagia and Teladorsagia look like?
Type of life cycle
Where are larvae found

A

Reddish worms about 1 cm long
Direct life cycle
Larva in gastric glands - can arrest as fourth stage larvae

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17
Q

Describe type 1 and type 2 disease in Ostertagia and Teladorsagia

A
  1. Without hypobiosis, usually late summer, early fall, in calves and lambs
  2. With hypobiosis, late winter and early spring caused by synchronous emergence, in older animals
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18
Q

Clin signs and diagnosis for Ostertagia and Teladorsagia

A

Moroccan leather appearance of abomasum for diagnosis

Clin signs: watery diarrhea, appetite intact - no digestion - hypoproteinemia

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19
Q

Where is Haemonchus (adult) found

A

Abomasum of cattle and sheep

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20
Q

Type of Life cycle of Haemonchus

A

Direct

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21
Q

Characterize 3 forms of disease with Haemonchus infection

A

Hyperacute - new animals released on heavily contaminated pasture, disease before patience, no eggs seen
Acute - mainly in young animals, hypoproteinemia and submandibular edema, many adults, > 10,000 eggs
Chronic - most common, few worms, few eggs < 2000, unthrifty animal

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22
Q

Cooperia
Where is it found anatomically
Signs

A

Small intestine of ruminants

Not highly pathogenic, diarrhea, anorexia depressed growth

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23
Q

What does hyostrongylus cause

A

Ulcerative gastritis in pigs

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24
Q

Where do hyostrongylus larvae develop

A

On pasture

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25
Q

Where are adult Nematodirus found

Associated disease

A

Small intestine

Destruction of mucosal architecture with diarrhea

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26
Q

What is special about Nematodirus

A

Huge egg
Larva develop in egg shell
Have long spicules

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27
Q 
Ollulanus tricuspis
Distinguishing characteristic
Where is it found in the host
Clinical presentation
Transmission
A

Very small Trichostrongyle
Live I stomach of cat
Chronic vomiting
Trans. From cat to cat in vomitus

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28
Q

Where do L3 Ollanus tricuspis develop

A

Third stage larva develop in stomach

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29
Q

Scientific name for lung-worm

A

Dictyocaulus viviparus

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30
Q

Hosts of different species of Dictyocaulus

A

D. Viviparous in cattle
D. Filaria in sheep
D. Arnfieldi in horses

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31
Q

Where are adult Dictyocaulus found

A

Trachea and bronchi

Usually only a problem in calves

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32
Q

Life cycle of Dictyocaulus

A

Female lay eggs, larvae hatch, go up respiratory tree, swallowed, passed in feces… After infection 3rd stage larva migrate to mesenteric Ln to molt to L4 then migrate to lungs

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33
Q

Disease in Dictyocaulus

A

Prepatent disease: bronchitis, possible emphazema

Patent disease: frothy white mucus in airways, parasitic pneumonia (aspirated eggs and larva into alveoli)

34
Q

Morphology of strongyles

A

Bursate

Large buccal cavity with corona radiate and often large teeth at base

35
Q

Characterize life cycle of large strongyles

A

Direct
L3 infective by ingestion
L3 resistant to desiccation and temp. extremes

36
Q

Where are strongyes found

A

Cecum and colon, often in horse

37
Q

Is Strongylus vulgaris a large or small Strongyle

A

Large

38
Q

Where does L3 Strongylus vulgaris go to molt into L4

A

Cecum/colon

39
Q

How does L4 Strongylus vulgaris migrate to the intestinal wall

A

Via blood vessels, arterioles and arteries

40
Q

Where do L4 Strongylus vulgaris molt to immature adults

A

In nodules in large intestine mucosa

41
Q

Which bursate nematode predisposes horses to aneurysms

A

Large Strongyle Strongylus vulgaris

42
Q

What the of signs can cranial mesenteric artery derived emboli from migrating Strongylus vulgaris cause

A 
Posterior paresis
Infarction of kidneys
Infarction of intestine
Impaction
Death
43
Q

Strongylus edentatus life cycle

A 
L3 burrow in wall of LIntestime and reach liver via portal veins
Molt to L4 in liver
Migrate through peritoneum back to LI
Molt and penetrate intestinal lumen
PPP 11 months
44
Q

Is Strongylus edentatus a large or small Strongyle

A

Large.

45
Q

Strongylus equinus
Large or small?
PPP
Disease

A

Large
9 mo
No natural disease

46
Q

Major differences between large and small Strongyles

A

PPP much shorter in small
Small are non migratory in the host
They are physically smaller.
Small often do not cause disease even in large numbers

47
Q

Scientific name for shall strongyles

A

Cyathostominae

48
Q

Associated disease with small strongyles

A

Diarrhea with emergence of large numbers of larvae from bowel wall in late winter early spring

49
Q

Hosts of the following species:

  1. Chabertia ovina
  2. Oesophagostomum radiatum
  3. Oesophagostomum columbianum
  4. Oesophagostomum venulosum
  5. Oesophagostomum dentanum
A
  1. Ruminants
  2. Cattle
  3. And 4. Sheep
  4. Pigs
50
Q

Life cycle type of Chabertia and Oesophogostomum

A

Direct

51
Q

Why are Chabertia and Oesophogostomum called nodular worm

A

Larvae encyst in SI and LI wall in large nodules

52
Q

Stephanurus dentatus
Host
Site specific location in host
Transmission

A

Pig
Peri-renal fat
Strongylid egg passed in URINE

53
Q

Life cycle of stephanuris dentatus

A

Direct or earthworm paratenic host
Larvae migrate in kidney liver peritoneum and muscles
Settle in kidney
PPP 9-16 mo

54
Q

Effects of Stephanurus dentatus on pigs and farmers

A

Minimal dz - May die if migrate to spinal cord

Losses at slaughter

55
Q

Where is Mammomonogamus laryngeus found

A

Trachea, larynx, nasal cavity of cattle buffalo goat sheep deer and people

56
Q

Are hookworms bursate or no bursate

A

Bursate

57
Q

Where do hook worms live

A

Small intestines

58
Q

Ancyclostoma caninum life cycle

A

Eggs passed in feces
Larva develop in soil to L3 (infective)
Larva swallowed or skin penetration
With skin penetration larva migrate to lungs, coughed up and swallowed
With ingestion, remain in mucosa until adults

59
Q

Transmission of Ancyclostoma caninum

A

Transmammary - arrested larvae

Paratenic hosts mice and rodents where larvae arrest.

60
Q

Diseas associated with Ancyclostoma caninum

A

Peracute diseaae - transmammary infected puppies, anemia, prepatent
Acute dz - older dogs, large number of eggs present, anemia and tarry stool
Chronic dz - asymptomatic

61
Q

Ancyclostoma tubaeforme hosts

A

Cats

62
Q

How is transmission of Ancyclostoma tubaeforme different from Ancyclostoma caninum

A

No transmammary transmission

63
Q

Zoonotic hookworm infections

A

Cutaneous larva migrans - A. Braziliensis usually

Large bowel disease - A. caninum

64
Q

Hookworm species in ruminants and pigs

A

Bunostonum phlebotomum in cattle
B. Trigonocephalum in sheep and goats transmammary trans. Not important for either
Globocephalus in pigs, may have transmammary trans

65
Q

Group for lungworms

Bursate or not

A

Metastrongyloidea

Bursate ( reduced in males)

66
Q

Intermediate host for lungworms

A

Snail

67
Q

Lungworms of pigs

Disease

A

Matastrongylus apri

Dz usually modest - pneumonia and parasitic bronchitis

68
Q

Metastrongylus apri life cycle

A

Eggs coughed up and swallowed, contain L1 when passed in feces
Egg eaten by earthworm
Larva develops to L3
Pig eat earthworm and larvae penetrate intestine, enter lymphatic to head to heart then lungs

69
Q

Lungworm of sheep

A

Protostrongylus

70
Q

Protostrongylus life cycle

A 
Eggs laid in lung, larva hatches
Coughed up and swallowed
Passed in feces
Larva penetrates snail 
Host eats snail,while grazing
larva enter lymphatics got to heart then lungs
71
Q

Hair lungworm
Scientific name
Hosts

A

Muellerius capillaris
in lung parenchyma
Sheep, goats & deer

72
Q

Parelaphostrongylus tenuis found where

Dz

A

Meningeal worm of white tailed deer, migrate through spinal cord
No diseases in deer, but posterior paralysis in many other species

73
Q

What metastrongyle resides in the lung parenchyma of cats and dogs
Life cycle type
Transmission

A

Filaroides hirthi
Direct
Larva in sputum or feces

74
Q

Metastrongyle in dog trachea and bronchi

Transmission

A 
Crenosoma vulpis
Ingest snail intermediate host
Also
Oslerus osleri (nodules)
Direct life cycle first stage larva in feces
75
Q

Where is adult Angiostrongylus vasorum found in host

A

Pulmonary arteries

76
Q

Distinguishable feature of Angiostrongylus vasorum larvae

A

Kink In tip of tail

77
Q

Life cycle key points of Angiostrongylus vasorum

A

Snail intermediate host, may have frog and rodent paratenic host

78
Q

Clin signs of Angiostrongylus vasorum

A

Chronically, progressing pulmonary disease and cardiac failure - depression stunted growth weight loss coughing decreased activity dyspnea edema

79
Q

Cause of canine neural angiostrongylosis

3 grades of disease

A

Angiostrongylus cantonensis

  1. Caudal paresis, ataxia, pain with deep pressure
  2. Progressed from 1 inability to stand or urinate
  3. Rapid ascending paralysis with extreme hyperalgesia (poor prognosis)
80
Q

Feline lungworm
Where are adults found
Dz
Transmission

A 
Aelurostrongylus abstrusus
Bronchioles and alveolar ducts
Bronchopneumonia
Ingest vertebrate paratenic host, rarely eat snail intermediate host
Tx with panacur
81
Q

Troglostrongylus wilsoni
Where is adult found
Life cycle

A

Bronchi of cat

Indirect life cycle with mollusk intermediate host

82
Q

Oslerus rostratus
Where are adults found
Dz

A

Lung parenchyma of cats

Chronic bronchitis and peribronchitis

83
Q

Where is Gurltia paralysans found

A

Spinal cord in cats in Chile

Parasitology (8 decks)

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