Protista Flashcards
1
Q
What are Protists?
A
Eukaryotes that are not an animal, plant, or fungi.
- very diverse with few common characters
- paraphyletic group
2
Q
Polytomy
A
- pitchfork with 3 brances is not a 3 way split
- means we do not understand the split and need more data.
3
Q
Unifying Traits
A
- Membrane bound organelles and nucleus
- Sexual and Asexual reproduction(meiosis and mitosis)
- Usually unicellular
- some colonial or multicellular
- Usually aquatic
4
Q
Protists are an “____”
A
entire world in a drop of water.
5
Q
Diverse Traits
A
Protists groups are as distantly related from each other as animals are from plants.
- Range in nutritional mode.
- Range in locomotion
- Endosymbiosis
6
Q
Diverse Traits:
Range in nutritional modes
A
- Plant-like Protists(autotrophs, can photosynthesize)
- Algae, diatoms, dinoflagellates
- Fungus-like Protists(absorptive heterotrophs; exoenzymes; decomposers)
- Exudes enzymes that digest from outside and then suck up the goop.
- slime molds, water molds
- Animal-like Protists(ingestive heterotrophs)
- eating other organisms
- Everything not in 1 or 2.
7
Q
Diverse Traits:
Range in Locomotion
A
- Pseudopods
- extension of cytoplasm to location then cytoplasmic streaming for rest of body to come to it.
- Flagella
- tail like - 1 or 2
- Cillia
- 100-1000s of hair like apendages
- Sessile
- no self movement. Move by water currents
8
Q
Diverse Traits:
Endosymbiosis
A
Original endosymbiotic event leads to the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes, creating the mitochondrion. Subsequent endosymbiotic events occurred in some lineages that give rise to other organelles like chloroplats.
- Primary endosymbiosis – eukaryotic heterotroph engulfs photosynthetic
cyanobacterium. Bacterium membrane lost, forms organelle (i.e. chloroplast). This lineage give rise to the red and green algae. - Secondary endosymbiosis – In both the red and green algae lineages, multiple independent endosymbiotic events occur.
Original -> primamry -> secondary
- 3 events
