Fungi Flashcards
What are Fungi?
- Eukaryotes
- Cell walls of chitin(like insect exoskeleton)
- Closely related to animals(1 BYA split)
- Absorptive Heterotrophs(exoenzyme)
- Exhibit many different lifestyles(decomposers, parasitic, mutualistic)
Absorptive Heterotrophs
Secrete Exoenzyme
- throw up on food then suck up the nutrients
When did Animals and Protists split?
Flagellated single cell ancestor diverged
1 BYA
Form and Function
- Single Cell
2. Multicellular
Form and Function:
Single Cell
reproduce via Asexual budding
yeast
Form and Function:
Multicellular
- Hyphae - filamentous cell
- Mycelium
- hyphae mass
- main body of fungi(underground)
- Haustoria
- specialized Hyphae that form symbiosis with a host.(Mycorrhizae and Fungus traps)
Fungus are some of the ______.
largest organisms in the world.
We see the reproductive organs(mushrooms)
Form and Function:
Multicellular:
Haustoria(Mycorrhizae and Fungus traps)
specialized hyphae that form symbiosis with host and exchanges (mutualistic) or extracts (parasitic) nutrients
Mycorrhizae – mutualistic haustoria associated w/ plant roots; improves water / nutrient uptake
- the entire compoenent of plant root and Hyphae - mutualistic
Fungus trap – parasitic haustoria associated with nematodes
Mycorrhizae
mutualistic haustoria associated w/ plant roots; improves water / nutrient uptake
- the entire compoenent of plant root and Hyphae - mutualistic
Fungus trap
parasitic haustoria associated with nematodes.
Nematode is the most abundant animal is the world and in biomass
- Hyphae cells create a net to trap the nematode then push their exoenzyme into the nematodes body and attack it
- Fungus as predators of animals
Reproduction(Fungus)
- Asexual Phase
- Haploid mycelium produces haploid spores, which may be contained in a sporangium (plural sporangia)
- Sexual Phase
- cells fuse and share cytoplasm BUT nuclei don’t fuse
Form and Function:
Multicellular:
Hyphae
filamentous cell
Form and Function:
Multicellular:
Mycelium
- hyphae mass
- main body of fungi(underground)
Reproduction(Fungus):
Asexual Phase
Spend most of their life in this phase.(haploid)
Haploid mycelium produces haploid spores, which may be contained in a sporangium (plural sporangia)
Reproduction(Fungus):
Sexual Phase
cells fuse and share cytoplasm BUT nuclei don’t fuse.
- Haploid mycelium produce pheromones
- Mycelia exhibit chemotaxis toward pheromone source on different ‘mating type’ (similar to different sexes)
- Mycelia join
- Plasmogamy(heterokaryotic stage) - fusion of cytoplasm
- Karyogamy(becomes diploid) - fusion of haploid nuclei
- Many species form unique spore producing structures between plasmogamy and karyogamy(mushrooms)
Heterokaryotic Stage
- After fusion the cell has 2 haploid nuclei but at some point in years they fuse together to form a diploid/zygote(Karyogamy)
- Cycle repeats itself
- opposite human(we are diploid with brief haploid period
