Protestant Reformation Flashcards
Main purpose - reform false doctrines and ecclesiastic malpractice of Catholic church
Protestant reformation
1517
Protestant reformation
“Free passes” individuals could buy to rid themselves of sin
Sale of Indulgences
Main objectives of the reformation
Simony / purgatory / intercession of saints / celibacy of clergy / authority of pope
Prayer to holy saints, including Mary
Mariology
Selling of religious positions to the highest bidder
Simony
October 31st, 1517
Protestant Reformation
Initiated the Protestant Reformation
Martin Luther
Number of theses posted on church door in Wittener
95
Debated / criticized the Church and Pope
95 Theses of Martin Luther
1483 - 1546
Martin Luther
Martin Luther originally studied to become this
Lawyer
Martin Luther chosen to teach this at his monastery
Theology
Doctrine of 2 tutors of Martin Luther
Be suspicious of all thinkers - even those with good reputation and scholarship
Prompted Martin Luther to become a monk
Lighting storm
July 2nd, 1505
Date that Martin Luther became a monk
Denomination of monk that Martin Luther was
Augustinian
1507
Martin Luther ordained to priesthood
University at which Martin Luther taught at
University of Wittenberg - 1508
Main concern of Martin Luther’s theology
Salvation of man
Believed man was saved through faith alone
Martin Luther
Belief of most churches
Good words - extension of faith
Pope at the time of Martin Luther
Pope Leo X
Declared Luther to be this after Luther rejected Pope’s authority
Enemy of the church
1519 - sent to debate Luther
Johann Van Eyck
Question Van Eyck asked Luther during debate
Do you believe that pope is God’s infallible representative on earth?
Luther’s response to Van Eyck’s question
Man is fallible - the Pope is a man - Pope is not infallible
January 3, 1521
Martin Luther excommunicated / appears before council of Worms
Declared outlaw of the church at this conferece
Diet of Worms
Held to determine Luther’s fate
Private conference - Diet of Worms
Ethnic group that Luther hated
Jews
Luther believed this should happen to all Jews
Houses should be burned / forced out of country
Place where Luther received safe lodging
Wartburg Castle
Major accomplishment of Martin Luther
Translated Bible into vernacular (German)
Martin Luther married her on June 13th, 1525
Katharina Von Bora
Former nun
Katharina Von Bora
Number of children the Luther’s had
6 (4 lived to adulthood)
Avoided extreme changes
Lutheran Church
Congregational singing of hymns
Lutheran Church
Most well-known of the 90 hymns Luther wrote
A Mighty Fortress is Our God
Conducted service in this language
Vernacular (German)
Believed churches needed consistent education for leaders
Martin Luther
Rarely encountered this ethnic group during Luther’s life
Jews
Nickname Luther gave to the Jews
Devil’s people
Sanctioned murder of Jews
Martin Luther
Luther believed Jews were responsible for the murder of this religious figure
Christ
Clergy could be married and still be devoted to God
Lutherism
Salvation of man found in this - according to Luther
Salvation of man through faith alone
Reformists divided into various churches according to
Specific doctrinal differences
Presbyterian
John Calvin
Anglican
Henry VIII
Methodist
John Wesley
Baptist
John Smyth
God alone decides salvation - predestination
John Calvin (Presbyterian)
Total depravity of man - grace is irresistible and cannot be refused
John Calvin (Presbyterian)
Previnient grace - ability to choose to accept God’s grace
John Wesley (Methodist)
Salvation through belief in Jesus Christ - sacraments are baptism and communion
John Wesley (Methodist)
Immersion baptism - autonomy of local church
John Smyth (Baptist)
Belief in existence of church prior to Reformation - sacraments include baptism and communion
John Smyth (Baptist)
Authority of church relies on scripture and tradition - Bible includes apocrypha - Protestants considered Christians
Catholic
Collection of Holy books not included in the Bible
Apocrypha
Authority of church relies only on Scripture - Bible doesn’t include apocrypha - many sects considered Catholics non-Christians
Protestant
Clergy cannot be _____ in Catholicism
Married
Catholicism - forgiveness of sins achieved through
Prayer and confession
Catholic prayer to
God / Mary / Saints
Belief in purgatory
Catholic
Clergy can be single or married
Protestant
Protestantism - forgiveness of sins achieved through
Direct prayer to God
Protestant prayer to
God ALONE
Prayer to saints
Catholicism (not accepted in Protestantism)
Non belief in purgatory
Protestant
Good works are a necessary extension of faith
Catholic
Catholicism - salvation achieved through
Faith AND good works
Catholic belief that communion is literal consumption of the living body of Jesus Christ
Transubstantiation
Catholic free will
Freedom to choose good OR evil
Good works not necessary
Protestant
Protestantism - salvation achieved through
Faith alone
Protestant free will
Freedom (or not..) to choose only evil
Catholic time of baptism
Birth
Catholic church structure
Hierarchical (Pope, archbishops, cardinals, etc.)
Catholicism - salvation lost when
Person commits mortal sin
Catholicism - salvation regained when
Person repents / church sacrament
Protestant time of baptism
Person becomes member of church and “born again”
Protestant church structure
Hierarchical (democratic decisions)
Protestantism - salvation lost when
TRICK QUESTION - salvation cannot be lost once person has been saved
Acceptance of the Virgin birth
Common belief between Catholics and Protestants
Shared view of hell between Catholics and Protestants
Physical place of torture and pain