Ancient Greek Architecture

Question 1

Lowermost horizontal beam of the classical entablature; typically rests directly on top of capitol

Answer 1

Architrave

Question 2

Uppermost part of column; design on the capitol usually determines style of architecture

Answer 2

Capitol

Question 3

Column in the form of a female figure; common

Answer 3

Caryatid

Question 4

Decorative shaft, usually made of stone, having a capital and base; used to help provide support for roof

Answer 4

Column

Question 5

Molded projection that crowns or frames the pediment; lip that sticks out

Answer 5

Cornice

Question 6

The part of a classical temple which encompasses the architrave, frieze, and cornice of the structure (usually includes capital)

Answer 6

Entablature

Question 7

Grooves incised into the surface of a column; like on a pie

Answer 7

Fluting

Question 8

Horizontal band between the cornice and the architrave that is sculpted; in Doric architecture, it is divided into the metope and triglyph

Answer 8

Frieze

Question 9

Part of Doric frieze that can be a flat surface, but usually sculpted with images; recessed areas between triglyphs

Answer 9

Metope

Question 10

Base or platform on which a column rests; also called a plinth

Answer 10

Pedestal

Question 11

Low gable (triangular portion of a wall between the edges of a sloping roof) that is sculpted

Answer 11

Pediment

Question 12

Step on which a column, or series of columns, rests; “floor” of temple

Answer 12

Stylobate

Question 13

Part of a Doric temple that is a projecting block containing 3 parallel vertical grooves

Answer 13

Triglyph

Question 14

Design applied to top part of Ionic capital; composed of swirls; often referred to as a “snail” design or “ram’s horns”

Answer 14

Volute

Question 15

Architecture design that began in Doria where the column rests directly on the stylobate

Answer 15

Doric

Question 16

Oldest architecture style featuring a plain or “manly” capital

Answer 16

Doric

Question 17

Doric frieze is divided into…

Answer 17

Metope and triglyph

Question 18

Architecture style that began in Ionia and is taller than Doric style

Answer 18

Ionic

Question 19

Architecture style that uses volute (swirl) designs

Answer 19

Ionic

Question 20

Architecture style in which the frieze is one singular sculpted work; not divided

Answer 20

Ionic

Question 21

Architecture style that is considered more feminine than Doric but not as feminine as Corinthian; column rests on a pedestal

Answer 21

Ionic

Question 22

Architecture style that began in Corinth; greatly used during the Roman era

Answer 22

Corinthian

Question 23

Architecture style in which the capital designed with leaves and vines; sometimes with flowers

Answer 23

Corinthian

Question 24

Architecture style in which column rests on pedestal; considered the most feminine of the classical architecture styles

Answer 24

Corinthian

Question 25

Slanted roof style

Answer 25

Doric and Ionic

Question 26

Typically flat roof style

Answer 26

Corinthian

Question 27

Most famous of the Doric temples is the Parthenon; found on the Acropolis of Athens

Answer 27

Doric Temple

Question 28

Only part of the temple that was roofed; houses major gods/goddess

Answer 28

Cella

Question 29

Ictinus and Callicrates

Answer 29

Architects of the Parthenon

Question 30

Begun in 447, completed in 438 BC; dedicated to Athena

Answer 30

Parthenon

Question 31

Partially destroyed due to explosion of ammunition which was being stored in building

Answer 31

Parthenon

Question 32

Columns tapered, columns lean, cornice is sloped, frieze tilts forward, floor slightly convex

Answer 32

Optical illusions of the Parthenon (created to appear balanced)

Question 33

Most famous building on the Acropolis

Answer 33

Erectheum

Question 34

Dedicated to legendary hero Erichthonius who is said to be buried in the area

Answer 34

Erectheum

Question 35

Build on a slope, which accouns for the different levels of the temple

Answer 35

Erectheum

Question 36

Dedicated to the goddess Athena and the god Poseidon; built between 421 - 407 BC

Answer 36

Erectheum

Question 37

Most famous part of the Erechtheum; columns are caryatids (6, all different from one another)

Answer 37

Porch of the maidens

Question 38

Temple of Hera, built in 550 BC and Temple of Poseidon, built in 440 BC

Answer 38

Other Geek temples

Question 39

Sea nymphs

Answer 39

Nerieds

Question 40

Built for Erbinna, ruler of southwest Turkey; built between 390-380 BC, Ionic

Answer 40

Nereid Monument