Ancient Greek Culture Flashcards
Where was Ancient Greece located?
Mediteranean Sea
Prominent geological formation covering 3/4’s of Ancient Greece, including islands
Mountains
How many islands comprise Ancient Greece?
More than 2000
Which Greek island is the largest?
Crete
Winters ___, summers ___
Mild; hot (similar to FL)
Trade was done by…
Sea
Peninsula provided _____ from outside sources but reduced _____
Protection; trade
Polis
Independent city-states
Which two city-states were dominant?
Athens and Sparta
First direct democracy
Athens
Who lead the Golden age of Athens?
Pericles
Athens emphasized which three values?
Art, Philosophy, and Music
Oligarchy (Sparta)
Ruled by few
Sparta had a council of ___ kings and ___nobles, all over the age of ___
2 kings; 28 nobles; over the age of 60
Boys began military training in Sparta at what age?
7
Boys joined military at what age in Sparta?
20
“Come back with your shield, or on it.”
Saying said by Spartan women to send their men off to war
Sparta prohibited ____ and ____ for fear that alien ideas would corrupt their society
Trade; travel
Sparta emphasized ____ to keep citizens from rebelling
Rigid social conformity
First known Greek inhabitants
Minoans (3200-1100 BC)
Minoans had what type of society?
Matriarchal - fertility
Where did the Minoans live?
Crete
What careers did the Minoans pursue?
Navigators, farmers, and traders
Minoans are known for which products?
Ceramics Copper Tin Gold Silver Safron
What attributed to the decline in Minoan society?
Earthquake (1750 BC)
Volcano (1628 BC)
War with Mycenaeans (1400 BC)
First true Greek society
Mycenaeans (1700-1600 BC)
Mycenaeans had what type of society?
Patriarchal
Mycenaeans placed emphasis on ____ and ____
War; conquering others
Mycenaeans took control of which Greek island?
Crete - 1400 BC
What attributed to the Mycenaean decline?
Climate shift, drought forced Myc. to search for more fertile areas
Mycenaeans attacked which group of nomadic warriors from the north?
Dorians
Rhyton
Drinking cup
3 Major Greek Eras
Archaic Era (750-480 BC) Classical Era (480-323 BC) Hellenistic Era (323-146 BC)
Which era marked the beginning of national literature?
Archaic
which era marked the start of philosophy?
Archaic
Which era marked the rise of city-states?
Archaic
Which era marked the rise of the Olympics?
Archaic
Which era marked the flourishing of art and literature?
Classical
Which era continued the expansion of philosophy?
Classical
Which era was dominated by Sparta and Athens?
Classical
Which era placed a strong emphasis on drama?
Classical
In which era was Greece conquered by Alexander the Great of Macedonia?
Hellenistic
In which era did Alexander spread Greek culture and knowledge throughout his empire?
Hellenistic
In which era did exported elements of Greek culture become known as models of perfection?
Hellenistic
How were houses divided?
Areas for men and areas for women
Room reserved for males - often had a separate entrance from the street
Andron
Out of what materials were houses constructed?
Sun dried brick on stone foundation
Houses had how many private rooms?
One or two
How were marriages arranged?
By parents
How old were girls when they were wed? Boys?
Girls: 13/14
Boys: 26/27
Children were not named until the 7th or 10th day after birth because of what?
High infant mortality rate
Girls were educated where? Boys:?
Girls: in the home
Boys: either in school or learned father’s trade
What are examples of Ancient Greek children’s toys?
Dolls Rattles Tops Pull Toys Swings
When were the first Olympic games held?
776 BC
Who were the Olympics held in honor of?
Zeus!
How frequently were the Olympics held?
5 days every 4 years
How long was the truce called for in during the Olympic time?
2 months to ensure safe travel
What were the 5 most common events in the Olympics?
Wrestling Running Long Jump Discus Javelin
Event in which almost everything was legal except for biting and eye gouging
Pankration
Another popular event at the Olympics
Chariot Racing
Only ___ were allowed to participate in the Olympics
Males
Why was Callipatira spared after illegally watching the Olympics?
Her son was the Olympic winner
Who was the first female winner of the Olympics?
Kyniska - Spartan princess
Who was the first female athlete winner of the Olympics?
Belistiche - Macedonia
What were the four humors that, when imbalanced, the Greeks believed causes sickness?
Blood
Black Bile
Yellow Bile
Phlem
Sensitive, creative, day dreamer
Blood
Melancholic, thoughtful
Black Bile
Energetic, domineering
Yellow Bile
Self content, kind, rational
Phlem
Techniques of curing sickness
Blood letting
Inducing vomiting
Inducing sweating
Hipppocrates
Father of medicine - brought scientific method to the treatment of illness
Set broken bones
Amputate limbs
Physicians
People died from shock, infection, and blood loss because of _____
Surgery
What was the life expectancy for a healthy Greek adult?
50
Herodotus
Father of history - first to check his facts
Perciles
Ruler of Athens during the Golden Age - promoted arts and literature
Ictinus and Callicrates
Co-architects of the Parthenon
Parthenon
Major doric temple; largest temple on the Acropolis
Euclid
Father of Geometry - wrote The Elements
Way of understanding the world
Philosophy
Trial by…
Jury
Ancient Greeks discovered that sun was the…
Center of the universe
Greek Fire
Fire that could continue t bun as it floated on water - formula was lost - 672 BC
Portable hand-siphon similar to a flame-thrower
Cheirosiphon
Valuable Greek contribution to society
Architecture
