protestant reformation Flashcards
century religious movement dividing western church into what two groups
Catholic and Protestant
what was humanism called once it started spreading to Northern Europe
Christian humanism
what did Christian humanists believe in
humans being able to reason and improve themselves
best known Christian humanist
father of Christian humanism
called his philosophy “philosophy of Christ”
wanted reform
desiderius erasmus
Christianity should show people how to live good lives and not just provide beliefs on how they can be saved
philosophy of Christ
when did the corruption happen
1450-1520
who did not meet the church’s spiritual needs
popes
popes were supposed to be spiritual leaders but were interested in ________ and not religion
politics
what did the church sell in order to release from all or part of the punishment for a sin
ticket to heaven
indulgences
monk and professor at university of Wittenberg
focused on the certainty of salvation
feels that humans are powerless and could never do enough to reach salvation
Martin Luther
said that humans are not saved by works-rather through their faith in God
he read the bible
justification by faith alone
Luther
justification by faith alone
main idea behind Protestant reformation
as soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs”
monk johann tetzel
what did Luther nail on the castle church in Wittenberg Germany that was a protest against the Catholic Church
October 31st 1517
95 theses
attacks on the church’s idea of selling indulgences for money
invention of printing press helped spread the word
Luther was excommunicated because of this action
Luther was now completely against the church and their selling of indulgences
95 theses
Luther wanted German churches to overthrow the papacy in Germany and form what
a reformed German church
destroyed real meanings of the gospel
Catholic Churches 7 sacraments
what 2 sacraments did Luther want
baptism and holy Eucharist (communion)
Luther thought priests should be able to obtain what
a wife
forms an assembly to question Luther and try to damage his views which Luther refuses to attend
Charles V
outlaws Luther within the Holy Roman Empire
luthers works were to be burned and he was to be captured and brought back to the emperor
however luthers ruler, Fredrick the elector of saxony, sends him into hiding and protects him
edict of worms
What did luthers religious movement become
a revolution
who did Luther gain the support of from the Holy Roman Empire
German political rulers
what kinds of churches were now Bing supervised by the government
state churches
who held the final word (not the pope)
political leaders
what did Luther do that demonstrated Protestant ministers could marry
married a former nun
first Protestant faith
consisted of bible readings, preaching gods word, and song
Lutheranism
peasants revolting against their lords and looking to Luther for support
Luther sides with the lords
Luther now relies on the state to help his reformed church grow
the peasants war: Germany
who goes to war with the king of France (Francis I)
Charles V (Roman emperor)
which place was divided into several hundred territorial states
Germany
end of religious warfare in Germany (1555)
Germany was formally divided into the religions of Catholicism and Lutheranism
Lutheran states were to now have the same rights as Catholic states
Charles empire was divided in half
peace of Augsburg
a general term for a religion that is in rejection of papal authority, has emphasis on the bible, has a devotion to preaching, and allows clerical marriage
Protestantism
list the 4 divisions of Protestantism
Calvinism
Lutheranism
zwinglianism
Anglican
Switzerland
zwinglianism
priest in Zurich.. relics and images of Catholic Church are now abolished
aligns with Martin Luther to defend against Catholic Church
dies in war between Protestants and Catholics
ulrich zwingli
whitewashed walls and on,t scripture reading, prayer, and sermons are used
zwinglianism
Luther posted 95 theses
1517
new leader of Protestantism
believed in luthers justification by faith alone
beloved in the all-powerful nature of God
focused on predestination
Calvinism
John Calvin
in 1536 John Calvin began trying to reform what
Geneva
members of the church
clergy
used both clergy and laity
church government
special court for enforcing moral discipline
could punish those tat didn’t follow the moral principles of the church (no dancing, singing, swearing, or playing cards)
the consistory
one of the most powerful centers of Protestantism
Geneva
Calvinism reformer in Scotland
“the most perfect school of Christ on earth “
John Knox
wanted to divorce his first wife Mary because they only had a daughter and no son
wanted the pope to annual the marriage and remarry to Anne Boleyn but he refused to
he then decided to turn To England’s own church courts
King Henry VIII
how many wives did King Henry VIII have
6
what happened to all of King Henry’s wives
divorced beheaded dead divorced beheaded survived
Thomas Cranmer ruled that the marriage to Catherine was null and absolutely void
Archbishop of Canterbury
who is crowned queen and has a child three months later but it is another girl
Anne Boleyn
the king was the only supreme head on earth of the new church
formed the Anglican Church
act of supremacy 1534
who marries the king and finally has a boy Edward VI but dies in child birth
Jane semymour
reformers who disliked giving power to the state
anabaptist
voluntary community of adult believers who had undergone spiritual rebirth and had been baptized
true anabaptist
all believers were equal
each anabaptist community chose its own minister or spiritual leader
early Christianity
most anabaptist believed in a complete separation of what
church and state
blamed the church’s problems on the corrupt popes
reform commission of 1537
doctrine listing catholic beliefs
council of Trent
what 2 things were necessary to reach salvation
faith and good works
how many sacraments were upheld
7
belief in what was strengthened
purgatory and indulgences
what 2 things always happen because of new ideas
conflict and change
excommunicated Luther
edict of worms
when did the Protestant reformation happen
16th century
