absolutism Flashcards
saw himself as the defender of Catholicism and fought wars to make the world Catholic
King Philip II of Spain
how many troops did Philip II send to the Netherlands to crush Calvinism in a territory that he controlled
10,000
defended the Netherlands and fought against Philip for over 40 years
William the silent
wanted all of the world to be Catholic
sent the largest armada in history to attack England
King Philip II
Protestant nation ruled by queen Elizabeth I
began an empire
England
sailed for the English and met the armada in the English Channel
defeated the armada
sir Francis drake
who will never dominate the world again
Spain
French Protestants living under Catholic ruled r
France
Huguenots
what percentage of French nobles were hugenots but the king was Catholicism
50%
1600
Spain’s economy was slowing down
what did Spain’s economy depend on
gold and silver
loss of what merchants was hurting the economy
Muslim and Jewish
why did European population begin to decline by the 1600s
warfare, plague, and famine
what was strongly believed in during the 16th and 17th centuries
witchcraft
how many people were executed due to witchcraft
over 60,000
began in 1618 between Catholics and Protestants
the last of the religious wars
30 years war
ended the war and stated that more than 300 states of the holy roman empire were now independent
Holy Roman Empire is gone
peace of Westphalia
dies in 1603
queen Elizabeth I
Elizabeth’s cousin (king of Scotland) takes over
supported the Church of England
divine right of kings
King James I
takes over after King James I
believed in the divine right of kings
Charles I
passed a petition of rights placing limits on the Kings ability to tax, imprison citizens without cause in 1628
parliament
fled to America due to King Charles
puritans
civil war breaks out in England between …
cavaliers and Roundheads
who won the civil war due to their leader, Oliver Cromwell
Roundheads
who did parliament execute
Charles I
a republic created on January 30th, 1649
commonwealth
who came to power and instituted a military dictatorship and canceled any celebration
Oliver Cromwell
given the throne by the military once Oliver Cromwell died
restoration
Charles II
Charles II passed laws favoring who
Catholics
what did Charles II convert to on his deathbed
Catholicism
who takes over once Charles II dies
is Catholic, which parliament does not like
has a Catholic son but 2 Protestant daughters
James II
English nobles invite William of orange and his wife Mary to take over the throne as long as…
they signed the English bill of rights
once the English bill of rights is signed this is known as what becUse almost no blood was shed
glorious revolution
allowed parliament to make laws and levy taxes
King and Queen could not get rid of the parliament
constitutional monarchy
who formed a constitutional monarchy
William and Mary
what had become highly militant by 1560 which caused wars between religious groups to break out across Europe
Calvinism and Catholicism
how did people seek more stability in the 17th century
increased monarchs power
a system in which a ruler holds total power
absolutism
rulers received their power from God and were responsible to no one except God
divine right of kings
what did kings have the ability to do
make laws impose taxes administer justice control officials determine foreign policy
became King at only 23 years old and already had thoughts of being an absolute ruler
known as the sun god
did not like hugenots or nobles
Louis XIV
hugenots and nobles were executed by King Louis XIV in order for him to get more power
bartholomeu day massacre
followed mercantilism pursued anti-Protestant policy built roads and canals provided subsidies to new businesses raised tariffs on foreign goods waged 4 wars throughout his rule
Louis XIV
a kingdom in Germany
Prussia
laid the foundation for the Prussian state
Fredrick William the great elector
an empire in eastern and southeastern Europe
created by the hapsburgs
Austrian empire
a new Russian state emerges
countries begin to form
15th century
who became the first ruler to take the title of czar
thought everyone was after him, including his son
stabbed his pen son to death
Ivan IV (Ivan the terrible)
chosen to be the new czar after Ivan IV dies in 1613
Michael Romanov
absolute monarchist who believed in the divine right to rule
takes over in 1689
westernization
Peter the great
ended with the rise if mannerism in the 1520s
Renaissance art
captured more feeling and emotion through their art and often disregarded balance and proportion
mannerism
captured the religious upheaval of time with his elongated figures and disturbing works
el Greco
replaced mannerism and focused on showing the power of the patron
baroque art
wrote don Quixote
Miguel de Cervantes
political philosopher that supported absolutism
Thomas Hobbes
most famous book was leviathan
believed the unchecked power of the ruler was necessary to maintain order
Hobbes
gave up all of our rights to an absolute ruler who could crush rebellion and keep order
social contract
political philosopher opposed to absolutism
John Locke
believed that we are all free and no one was superior to anyone else
believed we have natural rights.. life, liberty, and property
state on nature
created not to destroy those rights but to protect the. and if a government did not protect those rights it should be overthrown
social contract
Locke
clean slate
tabular rasa
