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social studies mr andrzejcak > absolutism > Flashcards

absolutism Flashcards

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1
Q

saw himself as the defender of Catholicism and fought wars to make the world Catholic

A

King Philip II of Spain

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2
Q

how many troops did Philip II send to the Netherlands to crush Calvinism in a territory that he controlled

A

10,000

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3
Q

defended the Netherlands and fought against Philip for over 40 years

A

William the silent

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4
Q

wanted all of the world to be Catholic

sent the largest armada in history to attack England

A

King Philip II

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5
Q

Protestant nation ruled by queen Elizabeth I

began an empire

A

England

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6
Q

sailed for the English and met the armada in the English Channel
defeated the armada

A

sir Francis drake

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7
Q

who will never dominate the world again

A

Spain

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8
Q

French Protestants living under Catholic ruled r

France

A

Huguenots

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9
Q

what percentage of French nobles were hugenots but the king was Catholicism

A

50%

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10
Q

1600

A

Spain’s economy was slowing down

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11
Q

what did Spain’s economy depend on

A

gold and silver

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12
Q

loss of what merchants was hurting the economy

A

Muslim and Jewish

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13
Q

why did European population begin to decline by the 1600s

A

warfare, plague, and famine

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14
Q

what was strongly believed in during the 16th and 17th centuries

A

witchcraft

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15
Q

how many people were executed due to witchcraft

A

over 60,000

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16
Q

began in 1618 between Catholics and Protestants

the last of the religious wars

A

30 years war

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17
Q

ended the war and stated that more than 300 states of the holy roman empire were now independent
Holy Roman Empire is gone

A

peace of Westphalia

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18
Q

dies in 1603

A

queen Elizabeth I

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19
Q

Elizabeth’s cousin (king of Scotland) takes over
supported the Church of England
divine right of kings

A

King James I

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20
Q

takes over after King James I

believed in the divine right of kings

A

Charles I

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21
Q

passed a petition of rights placing limits on the Kings ability to tax, imprison citizens without cause in 1628

A

parliament

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22
Q

fled to America due to King Charles

A

puritans

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23
Q

civil war breaks out in England between …

A

cavaliers and Roundheads

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24
Q

who won the civil war due to their leader, Oliver Cromwell

A

Roundheads

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25
Q

who did parliament execute

A

Charles I

26
Q

a republic created on January 30th, 1649

A

commonwealth

27
Q

who came to power and instituted a military dictatorship and canceled any celebration

A

Oliver Cromwell

28
Q

given the throne by the military once Oliver Cromwell died

restoration

A

Charles II

29
Q

Charles II passed laws favoring who

A

Catholics

30
Q

what did Charles II convert to on his deathbed

A

Catholicism

31
Q

who takes over once Charles II dies
is Catholic, which parliament does not like
has a Catholic son but 2 Protestant daughters

A

James II

32
Q

English nobles invite William of orange and his wife Mary to take over the throne as long as…

A

they signed the English bill of rights

33
Q

once the English bill of rights is signed this is known as what becUse almost no blood was shed

A

glorious revolution

34
Q

allowed parliament to make laws and levy taxes

King and Queen could not get rid of the parliament

A

constitutional monarchy

35
Q

who formed a constitutional monarchy

A

William and Mary

36
Q

what had become highly militant by 1560 which caused wars between religious groups to break out across Europe

A

Calvinism and Catholicism

37
Q

how did people seek more stability in the 17th century

A

increased monarchs power

38
Q

a system in which a ruler holds total power

A

absolutism

39
Q

rulers received their power from God and were responsible to no one except God

A

divine right of kings

40
Q

what did kings have the ability to do

A 
make laws 
impose taxes 
administer justice
control officials
determine foreign policy
41
Q

became King at only 23 years old and already had thoughts of being an absolute ruler
known as the sun god
did not like hugenots or nobles

A

Louis XIV

42
Q

hugenots and nobles were executed by King Louis XIV in order for him to get more power

A

bartholomeu day massacre

43
Q 
followed mercantilism 
pursued anti-Protestant policy
built roads and canals
provided subsidies to new businesses 
raised tariffs on foreign goods 
waged 4 wars throughout his rule
A

Louis XIV

44
Q

a kingdom in Germany

A

Prussia

45
Q

laid the foundation for the Prussian state

A

Fredrick William the great elector

46
Q

an empire in eastern and southeastern Europe

created by the hapsburgs

A

Austrian empire

47
Q

a new Russian state emerges

countries begin to form

A

15th century

48
Q

who became the first ruler to take the title of czar
thought everyone was after him, including his son
stabbed his pen son to death

A

Ivan IV (Ivan the terrible)

49
Q

chosen to be the new czar after Ivan IV dies in 1613

A

Michael Romanov

50
Q

absolute monarchist who believed in the divine right to rule
takes over in 1689
westernization

A

Peter the great

51
Q

ended with the rise if mannerism in the 1520s

A

Renaissance art

52
Q

captured more feeling and emotion through their art and often disregarded balance and proportion

A

mannerism

53
Q

captured the religious upheaval of time with his elongated figures and disturbing works

A

el Greco

54
Q

replaced mannerism and focused on showing the power of the patron

A

baroque art

55
Q

wrote don Quixote

A

Miguel de Cervantes

56
Q

political philosopher that supported absolutism

A

Thomas Hobbes

57
Q

most famous book was leviathan

believed the unchecked power of the ruler was necessary to maintain order

A

Hobbes

58
Q

gave up all of our rights to an absolute ruler who could crush rebellion and keep order

A

social contract

59
Q

political philosopher opposed to absolutism

A

John Locke

60
Q

believed that we are all free and no one was superior to anyone else
believed we have natural rights.. life, liberty, and property

A

state on nature

61
Q

created not to destroy those rights but to protect the. and if a government did not protect those rights it should be overthrown

A

social contract

Locke

62
Q

clean slate

A

tabular rasa

social studies mr andrzejcak (9 decks)

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