exploration and expansion Flashcards
what were they looking for
God
glory
gold
Spanish conqueror of the Aztecs.. wanted to convert people to Catholicism
Herman cortez
how were these voyages made possible
monarchies were extremely wealthy
new levels of technology
took the lead of European exploration
sail east
Portuguese explorers
rounded the southern tip of Africa
1488
bartholomeu dias
first to make it to India by sea
finds spices and returns to Portugal with them
makes a profit of several thousand percent
Vasco da gama
lands in South America in 1500
Pedro Cabral
sailed with Pedro Cabral
Amerigo Vespucci
knew the world was round but had no idea of its circumference
Spanish explorers
sail west
had no idea how big the continent of Asia actually was or that they would stumble upon the Americas when trying to find Asia
Spanish explorers
sailed in 1492
convinced that the earths circumference wasn’t as large as others speculated
believed he could find Asia by sailing west instead of east around Africa
Christopher Columbus
persuaded queen Isabella of Spain to finance his expedition
reached Central America
explored the coastline of Cuba and the island of Hispaniola
reached America
4 different voyages
Christopher Columbus
wanted to sail to Asia to find India
thought that the indies were the eastern most part of India
called the people at this place Indians
never stepped foot on North America
Christopher Columbus
persuaded the king of Spain to finance his journey to Asia through the Western Hemisphere
sailed south down the coast of South America trying to find a passage into the pacific from the Atlantic
named the straight Magellan
first person the circumnavigate the globe
Ferdinand Magellan
faster and Niger ship designed huh e Portuguese
allowed for longer voyages and lower costs
used triangular sails
carvel ship
allowed for sailing against the wind
got the idea from the Arab society
included a large cargo hold to transport a large amount of goods
lateen sails
Invented by Chinese
allowed ships to steer and travel faster
sternpost rudder
the art and science of mapmaking
Europeans now had fairly accurate maps
used an astrolabe
magnetic compass was also used
improved cartography
used to plot their latitude using the sun and stars
astrolabe
1494
line of demarcation
unexplored territories to the east were to be controlled by Spain
Portugal now had control over routes to Africa and Spain had control of almost all of Americas
treaty of tordasilles
explored northeastern area of modern day US
John Cabot
the tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of ones own ethnic culture
ethnocentrism
research has revealed _________ in every culture of the world
ethnocentrism
give and example of ethnocentrism
the belief that one religion is better than someone else’s
using something in an unjust or cruel manner
exploitation
give an example of exploitation
Europeans and Americans were exploiting Africans by using them for slaves and as a way to trade
a type of ethnocentrism which places emphasis on European culture and the western world at the expense of other cultures
eurocentrism
the middle leg of a three part voyage
began and ended in Europe
middle passage
out of all the the African Americans that were taken from their homes and sold into slavery how many didn’t fully complete the journey
20 million
what did the Americas send to Europe
raw material
sugar
tobacco
cotton
what did Europe send to Africa
finished goods
textiles
rum
manufactured goods
what did Africa send to the Americas
slaves
what conclusion did many African slaves come to about the Europeans
that they were cannibalize and ate the slaves
an African captured as a boy what later wrote an autobiography
olaudah equiano
how much space did the slaves have on the ship
less than 5 feet of headroom
how many people were packed in the tiny spaces which caused many diseases
300-400
held a slaves mouth open if they refused to eat
speculum orum
about how many slaves lost their lives during the middle passage
between 2 and 4 million
Spanish and Portuguese born in Europe
held all political power
peninsulares
descendants of Europeans born in Latin America. controlled land and business but had no political power
Creoles
people who had one European parent and on Native American parent. laborers
mestizos
people who had on European parent and one African parent. laborers
mulattoes
bottom of pyramid
slaves and various others
wanted to convert natives to what
Christians
biggest city on the planet before new world
tenochtitlan
molaccos
spice island
why did Europeans start to travel overseas during the end of the 15th century
they were attracted to Asia
there were profits to be made
ottoman Turks wouldn’t allow travel by land
