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social studies mr andrzejcak > final > Flashcards

final Flashcards

1
Q

the main philosophy behind the renaissance
stimulated the philosophy of secularism, the appreciation of worldly pleasures,
it was the beliefs that humans were not inherently sinful and useless, and could understand and improve their world

A

humanism

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2
Q

father of the Italian Renaissance
sent Europeans on a search for lost and forgotten Latin manuscripts and called for the study of the classic Greek and roman works

A

Petrarch

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3
Q

not focusing so much on religion

A

secularism

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4
Q

rebirth
1350-1550
a rebirth of roman and Greek culture

A

Renaissance

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5
Q

had to be proficient in several different skills: intellectually, physically, and artistically
individual human achievement and excellence was highly valued

A

Renaissance man

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6
Q

produced the first printed book with his printing press - the bible

A

johannes Gutenberg

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7
Q

originated fresco

used perspective

A

Masaccio

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8
Q

sculptor who studied Greek and roman statues and constructed a statue of Saint George

A

Donatello

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9
Q

mastered the art of realistic painting
wanted to capture the perfection of the human body
was also a scientist, inventor, and anatomist
the last supper
Mona Lisa

A

leanardo da Vinci

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10
Q

one of Italy’s best painters at young age of 25
noted for paintings of the Virgin Mary
also painted the popes chambers which include his masterpiece the school of Athens

A

Raphael

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11
Q

Painter, sculptor, and architect
painted the ceiling of the Sistine chapel in Rome as well as the last judgement located on the entire wall of the chapel
statue of David
depicts the ideal and perfect human body

A

Michelangelo

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12
Q

Many people become weary of the church
people began to turn to science for answers
more land was available
could charge more for labor

A

Black Death

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13
Q

first political philosopher
Italian historian
feared
wrote prince in 1513

A

Machiavelli

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14
Q

release from all or part of the punishment for a sin

ticket into heaven

A

indulgences

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15
Q

written by Martin Luther
October 31, 1517
castle church in Wittenberg, Germany
protest against the Catholic Church

A

95 theses

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16
Q

monk and professor at university of Wittenberg
focused on certainty of salvation
feels that humans are powerless and could never do enough to reach true salvation
justification by faith alone

A

Martin Luther

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17
Q 
best known for Christian humanist 
father of Christian humanism 
philosophy of Christ 
Christianity should show people how to live good lives and not just provide beliefs on how they can be saved 
wanted to reform, not break away
A

desiderius Erasmus

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18
Q

only wanted to keep baptism and holy Eucharist

A

Luther

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19
Q

says that both faith and good works are needed for salvation

A

Catholic Church

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20
Q

priest in Zurich
relics and images of Catholic Church are now abolished
aligns with Martin Luther to defend against the Catholic Church
dies in war between Catholics and Protestants

A

Zwingli

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21
Q

new leader of Protestantism
believed in Luthers justification by faith alone
beloved in the all-power nature of God
strong focus on predestination

A

Calvin

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22
Q

wanted to divorce his first wife Mary because they on,t had a daughter and no son
wanted the pope to annual the marriage and remarry to anne Boleyn, but he refused
decided to turn to England’s own church courts

A

King Henry VIII

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23
Q

Spanish conquerer of the Aztecs

wanted to convert people to Catholicism

A

Cortes

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24
Q

why did Europeans begin to travel overseas

A

they were attracted to Asia

navigational technology improved

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25
Q

what were the sailors looking for

A

God
glory
gold

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26
Q

went south along west coast of Africa

discovered gold

A

prince Henry

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27
Q

after Dias, he followed the same path but went further east to cross the Indian Ocean to end up in India: first to make it to India by sea
finds spices and returns to Portugal with them
makes a profit of a several thousand percent

A

da gama

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28
Q

sailed in 1492
was convinced that the earths circumference wasn’t as large as others speculated
believed he could find Asia by sailing west instead of east around Africa
persuaded Queen Isabella of Spain to finance his expedition
never even stepped foot on North America

A

Christopher Columbus

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29
Q

persuaded the king of Spain to finance his journey to Asia through the Western Hemisphere
sailed south down the coast of South America trying to find a passage into the pacific from the Atlantic

A

Magellan

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30
Q

allowed for sailing against the wind

got the idea from the Arab society

A

lateen sails

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31
Q

faster and bigger ship designed by the Portuguese

A

carvel ship

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32
Q

invented by Chinese

allowed ships to steer and travel faster

A

sternpost rudder

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33
Q

knew the world was round, but had no idea of its circumference
sail west

A

Spain

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34
Q

1494
line of demarcation
unexplored territories to the east were to be controlled by Spain
Portugal now had control over routes to Africa and Spain had control of almost all Americas

A

treaty of tordasilles

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35
Q

economic system that made a country get power from the amount of gold and silver it had

A

mercantilism

36
Q

the tendency to look at the world primarily from the Perot ones own ethnic culture

A

ethnocentrism

37
Q

use something in an unjust or cruel manner

Europeans did this to Africans by using them for slaves and as a way to trade

A

exploitation

38
Q

why were westerners unable to travel by land from Europe to Asia in the fourteenth century
shut down trade routes

A

conquest by the ottoman Turks

39
Q

sail east

A

Portuguese

40
Q

traveled to eastern North America

claimed Canada

A

France

41
Q

swap of old and new world germs, animals, plants, people’s, and cultures

A

Columbian exchange

42
Q

on the civil war due to their leader, Oliver Cromwell

A

Roundheads

43
Q

a system in which a ruler holds total power

A

absolutism

44
Q

a political philosopher opposed to absolutism

A

John Locke

45
Q

we are all free and no one was superior to anyone else

A

state of nature

46
Q

political philosopher that supported absolutism

believed the unchecked power of the ruler was necessary to maintain order

A

Thomas Hobbes

47
Q

member of parliament and the leader of Roundheads
army was made up mostly of puritans and extremists known as independents
believed he was fighting for God
instituted a military dictatorship

A

Oliver Cromwell

48
Q

once the English bill of rights is signed this is known as what because almost no blood was shed

A

glorious revolution

49
Q

rulers Received their power from God and were responsible to no one except God

A

divine right of kings

50
Q

absolute monarchist who believes in the divine right to rule
takes over in 1689
westernization

A

Peter the great

51
Q

allowed parliament to make laws and levy taxes King and Queen could not get rid of the parliament

A

constitutional monarchy

52
Q

settlement on the James River

A

Jamestown

53
Q

discovered heliocentric universe

A

Copernicus

54
Q

created 3 laws of motion

A

Newton

55
Q

most famous for demanding separation of person and state

A

Voltaire

56
Q

claimed that all elements were made up of fire, water, air, earth, and a divine substance of the heavens

A

Aristotle

57
Q

teacher of the mathematics
first European to make regular observations of the heavens using a microscope
discovered mountains on the moon

A

Galileo

58
Q

wrote origins of the inequality of mankind and discourse
wrote the social contract
argued that people had adopted laws and government in order to preserve their private property

A

Roseau

59
Q

pray entire society agrees to be governed by its general will

A

the social contract

60
Q

French lawyer

political philosopher

A

Montesquieu

61
Q

sun centered universe

A

heliocentric

62
Q

the force that attracts a body toward the center of the earth

A

Gravity

63
Q

a belief or theory that opinions and actions should be based on reason and knowledge rather than on religious belief or emotional response

A

rationalism

64
Q

life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

A

natural rights

65
Q

who influenced the constitution

A

John Locke

66
Q

states that in a state of nature human life was solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short

A

leviathan

67
Q 
Louis XIV
tied to the idea of divine rights 
had Huguenots executed
murdered all nobles 
wanted the most power possible
A

the sun King

68
Q

sailed for the English and met the armada in the English Channel
defeated the armada

A

sir Francis drake

69
Q

supporter of King Charles I in the English civil war

A

cavalier

70
Q

settlers cannot move west of the Appalachian mountains
sought to stop the exploitative sale of Indian land
to prevent future warfare between Indians

A

proclamation of 1763

71
Q

born in 1722
leader of sons of Liberty
signed the Declaration of Independence
fights for bill of rights

A

Sam Adams

72
Q

1764
passed by parliament
increased tax duties colonists had to pay on goods such as coffee, sugar, textiles, indigo. and wine
no taxation without representation

A

sugar act

73
Q

March 22, 1765
passed by parliament
the purpose was to pay for the high cost of managing and protecting the colonies, as well as the war debt from the French and Indian war
be placed on nearly all everyday transactions

A

the stamp act

74
Q

brought several colonial groups that opposed the stamp act
many of the group members were less educated
some protests did turn violent

A

the sons of Liberty

75
Q

delegates from the 9 different colonies met in New York in October 1765
tried to convince Britain to repeal the stamp act

A

stamp act congress

76
Q

stamp act repealed

parliament believed that they had a right to tax colonies any way they want

A

declatory act

77
Q

closed the port of Boston

A

Boston port act

78
Q

forced citizens of Massachusetts to house and feed British soldiers

A

quartering act

79
Q

suspended the Massachusetts colonial legislature until the tea was paid for

A

Massachusetts governmental act

80
Q

local courts could not try British officials giving them free reign

A

administration of justice act

81
Q

took land from colonies and gave more land to the British in Canada

A

Quebec act

82
Q

prohibited the colonies from issuing paper money

A

currency act

83
Q

1651
all goods traded had to be shipped in either colonial or Spanish ships
crews had to be atleast 75% colonial or British
goods traded had to be unloaded at a British port

A

navigation acts

84
Q

what happened with the French and Indian war debt witching Great Britain

A

the citizens decided to tax the colonists and creTe new acts in order to get that money back

85
Q

worked as a lawyer and farmer before becoming a politician

A

John Adams

86
Q

the commander of the continental army

A

George Washington

87
Q

persuasive pamphlet against the king

A

common sense

social studies mr andrzejcak (9 decks)

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