Proteins (Unit 1)

Question 1

Proteins

Answer 1

Polymer of many amino acids folded into a 3D structure that specifies its region

Question 2

Protein Functions

Answer 2

Catalyze chemical reactions, provide structural support, Transport substances, Regulate cell processes, Provide defence from disease

Question 3

Amino Acids

Answer 3

Building blocks of proteins

Question 4

Components of amino acids

Answer 4

Amino group and carboxyl group

Question 5

Types of amino acids

Answer 5

20 different acids - 12 natural, 8 essential. Can be polar (R contains N,O,S), nonpolar (R contains only C) or carry a charge

Question 6

Structure of Proteins

Answer 6

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary

Question 7

Primary Structure

Answer 7

Peptide Chain. AA are joined by peptide linkages through condensation. Hydroxyl of carboxyl and hydrogen from amino is lost.

Question 8

Secondary Structure

Answer 8

H Bonds between carbonyl of one bond and amino of other. Can form alpha helix (spiral) or beta pleated sheet (layers)

Question 9

Tertiary Structure

Answer 9

Protein folding is due to/stabilized by intermolecular interactions between side chains of amino acids. Disulphide bonds can form with two sulfhydryl groups. H-bonds, Hydrophilic, and Hydrophobic, all influence group location during folding. Salt bridge

Question 10

Salt Bridge

Answer 10

Electrostatic attractions between electrically charged amino acid side chains

Question 11

Quaternary Structures

Answer 11

Occurs if more than 2 polypeptides make up protein. Join through intermolecular, and sometimes covalent interactions

Question 12

Denaturation

Answer 12

Intermolecular forces in proteins are broken, so will lose shape and stop performing functions

Question 13

Causes of Denaturation

Answer 13

Temperature, pH, chemicals