Functional Groups (Unit 1)

Question 1

Simplest form of organic molecules

Answer 1

Hydrocarbons

Question 2

Hydrocarbons

Answer 2

Carbon chains bonded to hydrogens

Question 3

Alkanes

Answer 3

All single bonds

Question 4

Alkenes

Answer 4

At least one double bond

Question 5

Alkynes

Answer 5

At least on triple bond

Question 6

What does a functional group replace

Answer 6

Hydrogen atom bonded to the carbon skeleton of hydrocarbons

Question 7

Functional Group

Answer 7

Cluster of atoms that always behaves in a certain way

Question 8

Number and arrangements of groups gives a molecule…

Answer 8

Unique properties

Question 9

Functional groups contain

Answer 9

Oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous, sulfur

Question 10

Types of functional groups

Answer 10

Hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, phosphate, sulfhydryl

Question 11

Hydroxyl Group

Answer 11

Has an OH group. The group is polar due to electronegative oxygen, so it is also soluble. The more O, the more soluble

Question 12

Hydroxyl Groups are found in

Answer 12

carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids

Question 13

Carbonyl Group

Answer 13

Adds a double bond with oxygen. The electronegative oxygen makes the group polar.

Question 14

Where are carbonyl groups found

Answer 14

Carbohydrates and nucleic acids

Question 15

Carboxyl Groups

Answer 15

Carbonyl and Hydroxyl group on one carbon. Are acids because hydrogen will dissociate by strong pull from oxygens. Are polar and acidic.

Question 16

Where are carboxyl groups found

Answer 16

Proteins and lipids

Question 17

Amino Group

Answer 17

Adds an NH2. Electronegative nitrogen makes amino group polar. Is a base as nitrogen can pick up a proton from surrounding solution

Question 18

Where are amino groups found

Answer 18

Proteins and nucleic acids

Question 19

Zwitterions

Answer 19

When hydrogen lost from carboxyl is gained by amino. Found in amino acids

Question 20

Phosphate Group

Answer 20

Is always charged so is very hydrophilic. May be attached or unattached.

Question 21

Where are phosphate groups found?

Answer 21

Nucleic acids. They make DNA and RNA acidic

Question 22

Sulfhydryl Group

Answer 22

Adds some polarity to organic molecules allowing for weak H bonds in proteins.

Question 23

Where are sulfhydryl groups found?

Answer 23

Proteins