Cell Organelles (Unit 1)

Question 1

Difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Answer 1

Eukaryotes have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotes are not.

Question 2

Eukaryotic organisms are made of?

Answer 2

Many cells that keep the organism functioning effectively

Question 3

3 Main Jobs all cells perform?

Answer 3

Cell Metabolism, Protein synthesis, cell division

Question 4

What is cell metabolism?

Answer 4

Taking in or producing food, creating energy for activities, cleaning up waste produced while making energy

Question 5

What is Protein Synthesis?

Answer 5

Creating new proteins, as proteins do all the work in a cell

Question 6

What is cell division?

Answer 6

For organism growth and cell reproduction, to replace damaged or diseased cells

Question 7

What allows cells to complete functions?

Answer 7

Cell organelles

Question 8

What processes are involved in fuelling daily life and growth? What other organelles are used?

Answer 8

Take in food, digest food, take in oxygen, make ATP, remove waste. Mitochondria and chloroplast

Question 9

How is food taken in?

Answer 9

Vesicles bring substances into the cell. Chloroplasts in plants make food

Question 10

How is food digested?

Answer 10

Lysosomes containing enzymes fuse with the vesicle and digest its contents

Question 11

Purpose of vacuoles

Answer 11

Present in plant cells to store macromolecules, sugar, amino acids, ions, and water

Question 12

How is oxygen taken in?

Answer 12

Oxygen diffuses through the cell membrane

Question 13

How is ATP made?

Answer 13

Mitochondria takes chemical energy in glucose and stores it in ATP

Question 14

How is waste removed?

Answer 14

Lysosomes digest waste and old cell components. Peroxisomes digest waste and toxic substances

Question 15

Mitochondria

Answer 15

Found in plant and animal cells, contains own DNA, has double membrane (inner membrane folds to form cristae). Oxidizes high energy molecules to convert stored energy into usable energy. Inside inner membrane is the matrix

Question 16

Chloroplast

Answer 16

Found in plants, store energy from sun as chemical energy in glucose through a series of redox reactions. Light energy is captured in the thylakoids. Glucose is produced in the stroma.

Question 17

Organelles involved in making energy

Answer 17

Endomembrane system. Nucleus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus

Question 18

Nucleus

Answer 18

Contains DNA, enclosed by nuclear membrane, nuclear pores allow RNA to move out of nucleus. Nucleolus is site of ribosome production

Question 19

Ribosomes

Answer 19

Can be attached to endoplasmic reticulum or free floating in the cytoplasm. Made of large and small subunit. Read RNA instructions to build proteins. Proteins for cell use are created by free floating ribosomes, those to be exported or used in cell membranes are made by ribosomes attached to the ER

Question 20

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 20

Rough is covered in ribosomes, folds polypeptides to make proteins. Smooth makes lipids. Products of ER are sent by vesicles to the golgi apparatus

Question 21

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 21

Receives products from ER on cis face, packages and ships products in transport vesicles with trans face. Processes proteins and lipids.

Question 22

Cell Reproduction

Answer 22

Cells must copy DNA (interphase), create new organelles, divide DNA (mitosis), create new daughter cells (cytokinesis)

Question 23

Structural Components of Cells

Answer 23

Cytoskeleton, cytosol, cell wall

Question 24

Cytoskeleton

Answer 24

Microtubules and microfilaments help to maintain the structure of the cell and help organelles to move (centriole and spindle fibres)

Question 25

Cytosol

Answer 25

Fluid substance that suspends organelles

Question 26

Cell Wall

Answer 26

In plants only, provides structure and support