PROTEINS PART 2 Flashcards
Alpha1-globulins
major inhibitor of protease activity; inhibit lysosomal elastase released from PMNs during their response to particles & inhaled bacteria
- ___% of the α1-globulin band
- neutralize ________
- increased (3)
- decreased (2)
α-1-antitrypsin
- 90%
- trypsin-like enzymes
- inflammation, pregnancy and contraceptive use
- emphysematous pulmonary disease & juvenile hepatic cirrhosis
Alpha1-globulins
screening test for any fetal conditions, increase passage of fetal proteins into amniotic fluid; detects neural tube defects
- synthesized initially by ______ & then _______ of liver
- used as tumor marker in ____ & ____
- increase:
- neural tube defects
-
- - decrease: related w/ ________ Syndrome
α-1-fetoprotein
- fetal yolk sac; parenchymal cells of liver
- hepatic cancer & gonadal cancer
- increase:
- spina bifida
- fetal distress
- hemolytic disease of the newborn - Down’s syndrome
Alpha1-globulins
inhibits phagocytic activity of neutrophils & inhibits platelet aggregation (aka _____)
- synthesized both by liver & by _____ and ______
- high percentage of ____ (%) & _____ (%)
- may inactivate
- increase (3)
- decrease: _____ syndrome
Alpha1-globulins
α-1-acid glycoprotein (orosomucoid)
- granulocytes and monocytes
- 45% CHO & 11-12% sialic acid
- progesterone
- pregnancy, cancer, pneumonia,
- nephrotic syndrome
Alpha2-globulins
one of the proteins used to evaluate rheumatic diseases
- synthesized in ____ & cells of ____
- binds free hemoglobin by its ____
- increase (3)
- decrease (2)
Haptoglobin
- hepatocytes & cells of RES
- alpha chain
- inflammation, nephrotic syndrome, burns
- intravascular hemolysis and liver disease
Alpha2-globulins
serves as an antioxidant to prevent lipid peroxidation & cellular damage
- ____-containing protein
- indicator for _____ (___g/L)
- increase (2)
- decrease
- ____ disease
-
- kinky hair syndrome
largest major non-immunoglobulin protein in plasma
- found principally in
- lower amounts can also be found in
- inhibits proteases such as (3)
Ceruloplasmin
1. Copper-containing protein
2. Wilson’s disease (0.1 g/L)
3. inflammation, pregnancy
4. decrease
- Wilson’s disease
- malnutrition
- Menke’s disease
α-2-Macroglobulin
1. intravascular spaces
2. CSF
3. trypsin, pepsin & plasmin
Beta-globulins
major component of the β2-globulin fraction (aka ____)
- transports ____ to its storage sites
- increase _____ (bronze skin
- decrease (3)
***
light chain component of major human leukocyte antigen - found on surface of most _____
- present in high conc of _____
- filtered by _____
- increase (2)
Transferrin/Siderophilin
- oxidized iron
- hemochromatosis
- liver disease, malnutrition, nephrotic syndrome
***
β2-Microglobulin - nucleated cells
- lymphocytes_
- renal glomerulus
- systemic lupus erythematosus & HIV
Gamma-globulins
INCREASED:
1.
2.
3.
4.
- monoclonal gammopathies: decreased = _____; increased = _____
DECREASED:
1.
2.
INCREASED:
1. chronic inflammation
2. cirrhosis
3. collagen diseases
4. paraproteins
- decreased albumin & increased globulin
DECREASED:
1. congenital immunodeficiency
2. acquired immunodeficiency
GLOBULINS:
one of the largest proteins in the blood plasma; most abundant of the coagulation factors
1. serve as a marker for long-term prognosis of ______
2. forms a fibrin clot when activated by ______
3. distinct band between β & γ-globulins on _____
4. reference value
5. increase (2)
6. decrease (1)
FIBRINOGEN
1. cardiovascular disease
2. thrombin
3. electrophoresis
4. 200 – 400 mg/dL
5. pregnancy and use of birth control pills
6. extensive coagulation
GLOBULINS:
- participates in the immune reaction and serve as a link to the inflammatory response
- circulates as ____
- increase (1)
- decrease (2) - general scavenger molecule; gamma-migrating protein
- precipitates w/ ______ (polysaccharide of pneumococci)
- increase (3)
- Complement
- non-functional precursors
- inflammatory states
- DIC, malnutrition - C-Reactive Protein
- C substance
- acute rheumatic fever, MI, gout
