PROTEINS PART 1 Flashcards
Physiology:
1. amino acids are linked via
2. synthesized in the ____ & secreted by the _____ into the circulation
- EXCEPT immunoglobulins (_____)
3. provide ____ of the total daily body energy requirement
4. composes ____ of cell’s dry weight
5. most abundant protein in the bod
- PEPTIDE BOND
- LIVER; HEPATOCYTE
- PLASMA CELLS - 12 – 20%
- 50 – 70%
- collagen
Structure:
- sequence of the amino acids in the polypeptide chain
- give 3 analytical processes - arises from the interaction among the different segments of a polypeptide chain
- maintained by ______
- regular helix ; coil resembling a spring
- fully extended structures; flat, corrugated structure
- no apparent pattern - actual 3-dimensional structure or folding pattern of the protein
- maintained by _______ - association of several polypeptide chains
- into ____ aggregate unit
- stable complexes (3)
- maintained by ____ or ______
- PRIMARY STRUCTURE
- give chromatography, electrophoresis, dye binding - SECONDARY
- hydrogen bond
- alpha-helix
- beta-pleated sheet
- random coils - TERTIARY
- covalent disulfide bond - QUARTERNARY
- oligomeric
- dimers, trimers, tetramers
- hydrogen bond or electrostatic interaction
Classification
1. contain peptide chains that on hydrolysis yield only amino acid
- example. (3)
- relatively symmetrical w/ compactly folded and coiled polypeptide chains
- more elongated and asymmetrical and have a higher viscosity
2. another classification
- protein =
- non protein =
- prosthetic group examples (3):
— lipid =
— carbohydrate =
— metals =
- Simple
- albumin, globulin, antibodies
- GLOBULAR
- FIBROUS - Conjugated
- apoprotein
- prosthetic group
— lipoprotein
— glycoprotein
— metalloprotein
Give 5 fxn
Give 5 metabolism
Give 5 fxn
- Maintenance of osmotic pressure
- Maintenance of blood pH
- Biocatalysis
- Repair body tissues
- For transport of metabolic substances
Give 5 metabolism
- Dietary Intake
- Absorption
- Destruction
- Storage
- Production
INCREASE PROTEIN SYNTHESIS (3)
INCREASE PROTEIN CATABOLISM (2)
INCREASE PROTEIN SYNTHESIS:
-GROWTH HORMONE
-INSULIN
-THYROID HORMONE
INCREASE PROTEIN CATABOLISM
-GLUCOCORTICOIDS
-GLUCAGON
PLASMA PROTEINS: ____, _____, & ____
- LIVER produces (4)
- RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM (RES) produces (1)
albumin, globulins, & fibrinogen
1. albumin, α-1, α-2, β-globulins & fibrinogen
2. gamma globulin
PLASMA PROTEINS:
_______: migrates ahead of albumin (aka _____)
1. rich in ______
2. contain ______
3. serves as transport protein for ___, ____ & _____
4. increased (3)
5. decreased (3)
Pre-Albumin/Transthyretin
1. tryptophan
2. 0.5% carbohydrate
3. T3, T4 & retinol (Vit. A)
4. alcoholism, chronic renal failure, steroid treatment
5. poor nutrition, liver disorder, malignancy
PLASMA PROTEINS:
largest plasma protein fraction (____%%) & highest conc. in plasma
- synthesized in ______ at a rate that is dependent on protein intake
- serves as circulating reservoir of ____
- regulator of _______
- ______ because of ease of binding w/ blood components
- “____ acute phase reactant”
- sensitive & highly prognostic marker in cases of _______
- reference value:
Albumin (52-62%)
- LIVER
- amino acids
- osmotic pressure
- transport protein
- negative acute phase reactant
- cystic fibrosis
- 3.5 – 5.0 g/dL
ALBUMIN
- increased albumin
- _____ clinsig
- due to ____ & _____ - decreased albumin
- impaired _______
- primary =
- secondary =
- decreased synthesis/anabolism due to
- increased breakdown/ catabolism due to ______
- renal loss
- Hyperalbuminemia
- NO CLINSIG
- hemoconcentration, dehydration - Hypoalbuminemia
- IMPAIRED SYNTHESIS
- liver disease
- diminished protein intake
- liver impairment
- tissue damage & inflammation
- nephrotic syndrome
PLASMA PROTEINS
heterogenous complex mixture of protein molecules (α1, α2, β & γ fractions)
- elevated conc of globulin in ____ will balance loss of albumin resulting to normal levels of total protein
- normal A/G ratio
- low A/G ratio (3)
Globulins
- early cirrhosis
- 1.3 - 3:1
- liver diseases, infectious diseases, multiple myeloma
