PART 1.2 HENRYS

Question 1

SPECIMEN CONSIDERATIONS
1. ____: causes plasma glucose to DECLINE over time while the plasma is contact w/ cells
2. SERUM/ PLASMA is separated WITHIN ____
3. used to prevent in vitro glycolysis = NOW INEFFECTIVE
4. tubes with less glycolysis: tubes with _____ and tubes that is separated by ______

Answer 1

SPECIMEN CONSIDERATIONS
1. GLYCOLYSIS
2. 30MINS
3. SODIUM FLUORIDE
4. CITRATE BUFFER; GEL BARRIER

Question 2

WHOLE BLOOD GLUCOSE
1. most of these devices have been calibrated to give results similar to ______ levels
2. WHOLE BLOOD tends to give approx. ____% LOWER GLUCOSE READINGS THAN PLASMA
3. source for most of these whole blood glucose measuring devices
4. POSTPRANDIAL SPECIMEN: ______ > ______
5. confirmation w/ lab measurements of ______ is recommended

Answer 2

1. PLASMA LEVELS
2. 10-15%
3. CAPILLARY BLOOD
4. CAPILLARY > VENOUS
5. PLASMA GLUCOSE

Question 3

WHOLE BLOOD GLUCOSE.2
1. MISLEADING RESULTS = samples obtained from CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS w/ ____ & _____
2. ISO ______ changed in 2013
- __% = <100mg/dL
- __% = >100mg/dL
- __% = within zone A or B
3. issued new draft accuracy recommendations for glucose monitoring devices used in healthcare and home settings
4. developed post-market surveillance program to assess the performance ofhome glucose monitoring device
5. FOR HEALTHCARE
- __% of all glucose readings should be within +/- 12%
- __% of all glucose readings should be within +/- 15%
6. HOME USE
- __% of all glucose readings should be within +/- 15%
- __% of all glucose readings should be within +/- 20%

Answer 3

1. POOR PERFUSION & EDEMA
2. ISO 1197 ACCURACY STANDARDS
   - 95% = <100mg/dL
   - 15% = >100mg/dL
   - 99% = within zone A or B
3. U.S. FOOD & DRUG ADMINISTRATION
4. DIABETES TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY
5. FOR HEALTHCARE
   - 95%
   - 98%
6. HOME USE
   - 95%
   - 99%

Question 4

______: developed for the continuous monitoring of glucose levels
1. helps individuals w/ diabetes better self-manage their disease, reducing hypoglycemia, glucose variability, and HbA1c levels
2. CGM devices measure glucose lvls w/ electrochemical methods
- measure glucose levels in interstitial fluid using ____ tissue
- SENSOR is changed every
- Older devices require calibrations using _____
3. record readings EVERY 5MINS
4. record readings EVERY 15MINS
5. frequently used to assess CGM accuracy
6. transmit glucose readings to different digitally connected devices such as insulin pumps or can be used alone
7. automated wearable insulin and glucagon subcutaneous infusion system
8. interstitial glucose is slow ____mins

Answer 4

INTERSTITIAL GLUCOSE
1. CONTINUOUS GLUCOSE MONITORING
2. FLUORESCENCE-BASED SENSOR
- SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE
- 7, 10, 14, or 90 days
- capillary glucose
3. REAL-TIME CGM devices
4. FLASH CGM
5. MEAN ABSOLUTE RELATIVE DIFFERENCE
6. INTEGRATED CGM
7. BIONIC PANCREAS
8. 5-30mins

Question 5

DIABETES MELLITUS INTRO
1. leading cause of ____, _____, ______ (20-74yrs)
2. nerve damage; occurs in 60-70% of people w/ diabetes
3. most diabetes-related death
4. __x more likely to have HEART DISEASE & CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE
5. for renoprotection
6. to lower LDL cholesterol
7. revised the criteria for diagnosis of diabetes
8. modified the criteria

Answer 5

1. end-stage renal disease, nontraumatic amputations, blindness
2. DIABETIC NEUROPATHY
3. ATHEROSCLEROTIC DISEASE
4. 2-4x
5. angiotensin receptor blockers
6. statin drugs
7. DIAGNOSIS & CLASSIFICATION OF DIABETES MELLITUS
8. AMERICAN DIABETES ASSOCIATION

Question 6

GESTATIONAL DIABETES
ONE STEP
1. based on
2. uses 75g OGTT after fasting at ____
3. cutoff glucose conc. are based on those values associated w/ ____ fold increase
- complications in _____ & ____
TWO STEP METHOD
1. based on

Answer 6

ONE STEP
1. INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF DIABETES & PREGNANCY STUDY GROUPS
2. 1&2hrs
3. 1.75fold
- HYPERGLYCEMIA & ADVERSE PREGNANCY OUTCOMES
TWO STEP METHOD
1. NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH CONSENSUS