Proteins and Enzymes Flashcards
What are proteins made from?
Long chains of amino acid
What are 4 things proteins are used for?
Structural tissue (muscle)
Hormones
Antibodies
Biological Catalysts (enzymes)
What are enzymes?
Biological catalysts, produced by living things
What are catalysts?
A substance which increases the speed of a reaction without being changed or used up
Why is raising temperature not the best for increasing reaction time?
Speed up unwanted reactions
High temp can damage cells
Why are enzymes > high temp?
Only speed up useful reactions in the body
Why do enzymes only catalyse one reaction?
Substance has to fit its special shape
What 2 things to chemical reactions do to the substance?
Split apart
Join them together
What happens if temp is too high for enzymes?
Break bond holding enzyme together and denature
What is often best PH for enzyme?
7 (neutral)
What is best PH for stomach enzyme?
<7 (acidic)
What is best PH for small intestine?
7< (alkali)
What do digestive enzymes do?
Break down big molecules into smaller ones
What 3 molecules are too big to pass through DS walls?
Starch
Proteins
Lipids (fats)
What does starch break down to?
Sugars (maltose and dextrins)
What enzyme breaks down starch?
Amylase
Where is amylase produced?
Salivary glands
Pancreas
Small intestine
What do proteins break down to?
Amin acids
What enzyme breaks down protein?
Protease