Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology: Additional > Proteins and Enzymes > Flashcards

Proteins and Enzymes Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are proteins made from?

A

Long chains of amino acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are 4 things proteins are used for?

A

Structural tissue (muscle)
Hormones
Antibodies
Biological Catalysts (enzymes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Biological catalysts, produced by living things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are catalysts?

A

A substance which increases the speed of a reaction without being changed or used up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why is raising temperature not the best for increasing reaction time?

A

Speed up unwanted reactions

High temp can damage cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why are enzymes > high temp?

A

Only speed up useful reactions in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why do enzymes only catalyse one reaction?

A

Substance has to fit its special shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What 2 things to chemical reactions do to the substance?

A

Split apart

Join them together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens if temp is too high for enzymes?

A

Break bond holding enzyme together and denature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is often best PH for enzyme?

A

7 (neutral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is best PH for stomach enzyme?

A

<7 (acidic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is best PH for small intestine?

A

7< (alkali)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do digestive enzymes do?

A

Break down big molecules into smaller ones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What 3 molecules are too big to pass through DS walls?

A

Starch
Proteins
Lipids (fats)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does starch break down to?

A

Sugars (maltose and dextrins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What enzyme breaks down starch?

A

Amylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where is amylase produced?

A

Salivary glands
Pancreas
Small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do proteins break down to?

A

Amin acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What enzyme breaks down protein?

A

Protease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where is protease made?

A

Stomach
Pancreas
Small intestine

21
Q

What do lipids break down to?

A

Glycerol and Fatty Acids

22
Q

What enzyme breaks down lipids?

A

Lipase

24
Q

What is bile?

A

An alkaline

25
Q

Where is lipase made?

A

Pancreas

Small intestine

26
Q

Where is bile produced, stored and released?

A

Produced in liver
Stored in gall bladder
Released into small intestine

28
Q

Why are fats emulsified?

A

Larger surface area for lipase

Makes digestion faster

29
Q

Why does hydrochloric acid in stomach need to be neutralised?

A

Too acidic for enzymes in small intestine

30
Q

What happens in salivary glands?

A

Amylase enzyme is produced in saliva

31
Q

What happens in the stomach?

A

Food is pummelled by muscular walls
Protease enzyme is produced
Hydrochloric acid is produced

32
Q

What is protease enzyme called in the stomach?

A

Pepsin

33
Q

What are 2 reasons stomach produces hydrochloric acid?

A

Kill bacteria

Right pH for protease to work (pH2)

34
Q

What happens in the liver?

A

Bile is produced

35
Q

What happens in the gall bladder?

A

Bile is stored then realeased into small intestine

36
Q

What happens in the pancreas?

A

Protease, amylase and lipase is produced

Releases them into small intestine

37
Q

What happens in small intestine?

A

Produces protease, amylase and lipase

Digested food is absorbed into the blood

38
Q

What happens in large intestine?

A

Excess waters absorbed from food

39
Q

What happens in rectum?

A 
Stores faeces (indigestible food)
Faeces leaves through anus
40
Q

Why do micro organisms produce enzymes outside their body?

A

To digest food

41
Q

What enzymes are used in biological detergents and why?

A

Proteases and Lipases

Because they break down food and plant matter and are ideal for removing food and blood stains

42
Q

Why are biological detergents > normal detergents?

A

Effective at low temperatures (30)

43
Q

Why are Proteases used in baby food?

A

To pre-digest the food so it’s easier for baby to digest

44
Q

What enzyme turns starch syrup into sugar syrup?

A

Carbohydrases

45
Q

What enzyme turns glucose syrup into fructose syrup?

A

Isomerase

46
Q

Why is fructose syrup > glucose syrup?

A

Sweeter - so less is used, better for slimming food/drinks

47
Q

Why are enzymes used in industry?

A

Increase rate of reaction without high temp and pressure

48
Q

What are 4 advantages of industry enzymes?

A

Specific (only catalyse 1 reaction)
Lower temp/pressure (cheaper)
Reusable
Biodegradable (less pollution)

49
Q

What are 4 disadvantages of industry enzymes?

A

Allergies
Become Denatured
Expensive to produce
Can be contaminated

50
Q

What 2 things does bile do?

A

Neutralise stomach acid

Emulsify fats

52
Q

Where are enzymes in digestive system produced?

A

Specialised cells in glands and gut lining

Biology: Additional (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions