Cells

Question 1

What do animal cells contain?

Answer 1

Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria and Ribosomes

Question 2

What do plant cells have, that animal cells do not?

Answer 2

Cell Wall
Permanent Vacuole
Chloroplasts

Question 3

What does the nucleus do?

Answer 3

Contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell

Question 4

What does the cytoplasm do?

Answer 4

Gel-like substance where chemical reactions take place -

contains enzymes which control these chemical reactions

Question 5

What does the cell membrane do?

Answer 5

Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out

Question 6

What does mitochondria do?

Answer 6

Produces energy from respiration

Question 7

What do ribosomes do?

Answer 7

Make proteins (from amino acids)

Question 8

What do cell walls do?

Answer 8

Supports and strengthens the cell (is made of cellulose)

Question 9

What does the permanent vacuole do?

Answer 9

Contains cell sap (a weak solution of sugar and salts)

Question 10

What do chloroplasts do?

Answer 10

Where photosynthesis occurs - they contain a green substance called chlorophyll

Question 11

What are specialised cells?

Answer 11

Cells that are specialised for a specific function

Question 12

How are sperms cells specialised?

Answer 12

1) Long tail - swim to the egg
2) Streamlined head - swim to the egg
3) Lots of mitochondria - provide energy
4) Enzymes in the head - digest through egg cell membrane

Question 13

How are egg cells specialised?

Answer 13

1) Contains food reserves - to feed embryo

2) Membrane changes and prevents >1 sperm - right amount of DNA

Question 14

How are palisade leaf cells specialised?

Answer 14

1) Lots of chloroplasts (near top of cell) - for photosynthesis
2) Large surface area - absorb more carbon dioxide from air
3) Thin shape - lots of them can be packed at the top of the leaf

Question 15

How are red blood cells specialised?

Answer 15

1) Concave shape - big surface area for absorbing oxygen (and helps them pass smoothly through capillaries)
2) Lots of haemoglobin - pigment that absorbs oxygen
3) No nucleus - more space for haemoglobin

Question 16

How are guard cells specialised?

Answer 16

1) Shape - opens/closes stomata (pores) in a leaf
2) Stomata opens - gases are exchanged for photosynthesis
3) Thin outer/Thick inner wall - opening/closing stomata
4) Sensitive to light - close at night

Question 17

What are yeast and bacteria?

Answer 17

Single-Celled organisms

Question 18

What is in a yeast cell?

Answer 18

Nucleus (containing genetic material)
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm

Question 19

What is in a bacteria cell?

Answer 19

Genetic material
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm

Question 20

What is diffusion?

Answer 20

Spreading out of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 21

In what substances can diffusion occur?

Answer 21

Solutions and Gases

because their particles are free to move randomly

Question 22

What affect does the concentration difference have on the diffusion rate?

Answer 22

The bigger the difference in concentration, the faster the diffusion rate.

Question 23

How do dissolved substances move in and out of cells?

Answer 23

Diffusion

Question 24

What are 4 molecules that diffuse through cell membrane?

Answer 24

Oxygen
Glucose
Amino Acids
Water

Question 26

Why can’t some molecules diffuse through cell membrane?

Answer 26

Too big (starch and protein)

Question 27

What is the net (overall) movement?

Answer 27

A movement from the side that has more particles