Proteins and amino acids

Question 1

Croton MOA and CS?

Answer 1

Diterpene ester-> activate protein kinase C -> cell damage
GI signs +/- blood
Also Poinsettia, Physicnut and wild physicnut

Question 2

Azalea (Rhododendron) MOA and CS?

Answer 2

Grayanotoxin-> binds Na channels -> increase permeability

GI signs, CNS-seizures, tachycardia, death via aspiration pneumonia

Question 3

Castor bean, Precatory bean MOA and CS?

Answer 3

Lectin (phytotoxin, toxalbumin) -> inhibit cell protein synthesis
GI signs +/- blood

Question 4

Diterpene esters MOA, CS, Plants?

Answer 4

MOA: cell damage, enzyme dysfunction from protein kinase C
CS: GI- systemic and local
Plants: Cat tail, Croton, Candelabra cactus, crown of thorns, Poinsettia, Pencil tree, Manchineel, Sandbox, Phsyicnut

Question 5

Grayanotoxins MOA, CS, Plants?

Answer 5

MOA: binds to Na channels
CS: GI signs, CV-tachycardia, CNS-seizures, aspiration pneumonia
Plants: Rhododendron, Laurel, Japanese pieris, fetter bush

Question 6

Lectin MOA, CS, Plants?

phytotoxin, toxalbumin

Answer 6

MOA: inhibit cell protein synthesis
CS: GI- hemorrhagic gastroenteritis
Plants: Caster bean, Precatory bean, coral plant, sandbox tree, black locust, beans

Question 7

Meliatoxin MOA, CS, Plants?

“That is Mahogany!”

Answer 7

MOA: entero/neuro toxic
CS: GI +/- blood, CNS, resp failure
Plants: Chinaberry (in Mahogany family)

Question 8

Propyl disulfide MOA, CS, Plants?

Answer 8

MOA: ROS-> Heinz bodies
CS: abortion, Heinz body anemia, tachycardia
Plants: onion, garlic, chives, leaks

Question 9

Tetradymol MOA, CS, Plants?

Answer 9

MOA: Liver damage- hepatogenic photosensitization
CS: Sheep- CNS- depression, ataxia, Dermal- erythema, necrosis
Plants: Horsebush (Sunflower family)

Question 10

Thiaminase MOA, CS, Plants?

Answer 10

MOA: B1 deficiency
CS: Monogastrics- neurotoxic
Plants: Bracken fern, Horsetail

Question 11

Triterpenoid saponins MOA, CS, Plants?

Answer 11

MOA: direct GI irritation
CS: GI signs, hypothermia
Plants: Alfalfa, Holly, English Ivy, Pokeweed