Other Flashcards
Oh no! I’ve been poisoned by sweet clover. what is the toxic principal and how do I treat it?
Coumarin glycoside, Tx with Vit K or whole blood
bonus: what are the Vit K dependent coagulation factors?
What do you treat cardiac glycoside toxicity with?
Digi-bind (digoxin immune Fab)
How do you treat muscarine toxicity? What causes this toxicity?
Atropine (muscarine antagonist) + supportive care and decontamination
poisonous mushroom
What toxic principals can be treated with Physostigmine? what are some plants that have that principal?
Diterpene alkaloids: Buttercup family, Monkshade
Tropane alkaloids: Henbane, Jimsonweed, devil’s trumpet, Angel’s trumpet
What plant causes Zamia staggers? What toxin(s) does it have?
Coontie
Cycasin glycoside -> teratogenic, carcinogenic, liver damage
Neurotoxic aa
Unknown toxin-> axonal degeneration
GI, liver disease or CNS syndrome and ataxia
What plants cause Equine nigropallidal encephalomalacia? (Aka chewing disease)
Yellow Starthistle, Russian knapweed
Castor bean, Precatory bean MOA and CS?
Lectin (phytotoxin, toxalbumin) -> inhibit cell protein synthesis
GI signs +/- blood
Azalea (Rhododendron) MOA and CS?
Grayanotoxin-> binds Na channels -> increase permeability
GI signs, CNS-seizures, tachycardia, death via aspiration pneumonia
Croton MOA and CS?
Diterpene ester-> activate protein kinase C -> cell damage
GI signs +/- blood
Also Poinsettia, Physicnut and wild physicnut
Agave lechugilla MOA and CS?
Steroidal saponins -> liver damage
Hepatogenic photosensitization
Bracken fern MOA and CS?
Ptaquiloside -> BM suppression, UT cancer (cows)
Aplastic anemia (cows/sheep), enzootic hematuria, renal/GI tumors (sheep)
Thiaminase-> neurotoxicity in monogastrics (also in horsetail)
Alfalfa MOA and CS?
Phytoestrogen-> infertility in males and females
Se accumulation
Acute-> GI and resp signs
Chronic -> hoof and hair deformities
Nitrate accumulation-> methemoglobinemia
Acute -> abortions due to fetal methemoglobinemia
Chronic-> abortions due to decrease progesterone
Triterpenoid (strodial) saponins-> GI signs
Moldy-> forage induced photosensitization-> primary and 2nd to liver damage
Milkvetch MOA and CS?
Nitropropanol glycoside-> inhibits krebs cycle
Cattle/sheep-> respiratory and CNS “cracker heels/roaring disease”
Horses/rodents-> CNS signs
Se accumulation
Acute-> GI and resp signs
Chronic -> hoof and hair deformities
Coontie MOA and CS?
Cycasin glycoside -> teratogenic, carcinogenic, liver damage
Neurotoxic aa
Unknown toxin-> axonal degeneration-> GI, liver disease or CNS syndrome and ataxia
Sago Palm MOA and CS?
Cycasin glycoside -> teratogenic, carcinogenic, liver damage
Neurotoxic aa
Unknown toxin-> axonal degeneration
GI, liver disease or CNS syndrome and ataxia
What are the toxins in Pigweed?
Soluble oxalate-> Ca oxalate in soft tissues-> Hypocalcemia, methemoglobinemia, renal damage
Nitrate accumulation->
Acute -> abortions due to fetal methemoglobinemia
Chronic-> abortions due to decrease progesterone
Unknown toxin-> renal tubular damage (ruminants, pigs, horses)
Plants that cause mechanical injury?
Via thorns, spines, stinging/irritating hairs
Plants: Cacti, Jimsonweed seeds, Cocklebur seed pods
Forage induced photosensitization?
MOA: primary and liver induced
CS: erythema, edema, necrosis
Plants: moldy wheat, moldy alfalfa, red clover
Plants that cause species specific renal damage?
Grapes/raisins- Dogs
Lilies- Cats
Pigweed- ruminants, pigs, horses
Resin/resinoids MOA, CS, Plants?
MOA: irritation of nervous/muscle tissue
CS
Plants: Milkweeds, Marijuana, Chinaberry
Nitrate MOA, CS, Plants?
MOA: nitrate accumulation
CS: Acute- methemoglobinemia, resp depression, abortions-> fetal methemoglobinemia
Chronic- abortion-> lack of progesterone
Plants: Pigweed, Oats, tall grasses, beet, lamb’s quarters, sweet clover, alfalfa, wheat, sunflower
Selenium MOA, CS, Plants?
MOA: Se accumulation
CS: Acute- GI and Resp signs
Chronic- hair/hoof abnormalities
Plants: Aster, Prince’s Plum, Milkvetch, Alfalfa, tall grasses
Copper MOA, CS, Plants?
MOA: liver damage
CS: methemoglobinemia, hemolysis
Plants: Clovers
Molybdenum MOA, CS, Plants?
MOA: Cu deficiency
CS: watery, bubbly D, wasting
Plants: none listed
Gossypol MOA, CS, Plants?
MOA: Cardiotoxic, liver damage, destroys seminiferous tubles
CS: Chronic toxicity- Cardiac, male infertility Monogastrics > ruminants
Plants: Cottonseed
