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RUSVM Toxic Plants > Glycosides > Flashcards

Glycosides Flashcards

1
Q

Anthraquinone MOA, CS, Plants?

A

MOA: purgative
CS:
Plants: Coffee weed (bad coffee), Aloe, Buckthorn

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2
Q

Calcinogenic glycoside MOA, CS, Plants?

Vit D analog

A

MOA:
CS: hyperCa, hyperPhos, lameness
Plants: Turkey berry

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3
Q

Carboxy-atractyloside MOA, CS, Plants?

A

MOA: hepatottoxicity
CS: renal damage, hypoGly, salivation
Plants: Cocklebur

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4
Q

Cardiac Glycoside MOA, CS, Plants?

A

MOA: inhibits Na/K ATPase
CS: cardiotoxic
TX: Digoxin immune FAB
Plants: Oleander, Foxglove, Milkweed, Periwinkle

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5
Q

Coumarin MOA, CS, Plants?

A

MOA: inhibit Vit K epoxide reductase
CS: hemorrhage
Plants: Sweet clover,

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6
Q

Cyanogenic glycosides MOA, CS, Plants?

A

MOA: inhibit cytochrome oxidase
CS: Acute- lack of cell energy
Chronic- CNS degeneration
Plants: Johnson, Sudan grass, Elderberry

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7
Q

Cycasin MOA, CS, Plants?

A

MOA: unknown toxin-> carcinogenic, teratogenic, axonal degeneration
CS: GI, liver disease/CNS syndrome
Plants: Sago palm, cardboard palm, Coontie

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8
Q

Glucosinolate MOA, CS, Plants?

A

MOA: antithyroid
CS: antithyroid
Plants: Soybean, Flax, yucky vegetables

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9
Q

Nitropropanol glycoside MOA, CS, Plants?

A

MOA: inhibits Krebs cycle
CS: Cattle/sheep- resp CNS
horses/rodents- CNS
Plants: Milkvetch, violets, lotus, Indigo

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10
Q

Phytoestrogens MOA, CS, Plants?

A

MOA: infertility in males and females
CS: see above
Plants: White clover, alfalfa

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11
Q

Protoanemonin MOA, CS, Plants?

A

MOA: volatile oil
CS: GI and dermal irritation
Plants: Buttercup family

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12
Q

Ptaquiloside MOA, CS, Plants?

A

MOA: BM suppression, Neoplasia UT, URT, retinal degeneration
CS: aplastic anemia, enzootic hematuria
Plants: Bracken fern,

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13
Q

Coffee senna (bad coffee) MOA and CS?

A

Anthraquinone -> cathartic
Unknown MOA: Purgative, sk/cardiac m myopathy, urine coffee colored, kidney damage
Horses usually die due to liver failure
DDX: monensin

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14
Q

Cocklebur MOA and CS?

A

Carboxy sulfated glycoside
Hepatotoxicity, renal damage, hypoglycemia
seed pods-> mechanical injury

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15
Q

Oleander and milkweed MOA and CS? TX?

A

Cardiac glycoside-> inhibit Na/K ATPase
one leaf can kill
TX: digoxin immune FAB

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16
Q

Sweet clover MOA and CS?

A

Coumarin glycoside-> inhibits Vit K epoxide reductase
Hemorrhage
TX: Vit K1/whole blood
Nitrate accumulation-> methemoglobinemia
Acute -> abortions due to fetal methemoglobinemia
Chronic-> abortions due to decrease progesterone

17
Q

Elderberry MOA and CS?

A

Cyanogenic glycoside and accumulates cyanide (green berries)-> inhibits cytochrome oxidase and cell respiration
Acute- mm irritation, vasoconstriction, inhibit glycolysis
Chronic- anti-T4, CNS degeneration

18
Q

Johnson grass, Sudan grass, sorghum MOA (3) and CS?

A

Cyanogenic glycoside-> inhibits cytochrome oxidase and cell respiration
Acute- mm irritation, vasoconstriction, inhibit glycolysis
Chronic- anti-T4, CNS degeneration

Se accumulation
Acute-> GI and resp signs
Chronic -> hoof and hair deformities

Nitrate accumulation-> methemoglobinemia
Acute -> abortions due to fetal methemoglobinemia
Chronic-> abortions due to decrease progesterone

19
Q

Sago Palm MOA and CS?

A

Cycasin glycoside -> teratogenic, carcinogenic, liver damage
Neurotoxic aa
Unknown toxin-> axonal degeneration
GI, liver disease or CNS syndrome and ataxia

20
Q

Coontie MOA and CS?

A

Cycasin glycoside -> teratogenic, carcinogenic, liver damage
Neurotoxic aa
Unknown toxin-> axonal degeneration-> GI, liver disease or CNS syndrome and ataxia

21
Q

Milkvetch MOA and CS?

A

Nitropropanol glycoside-> inhibits krebs cycle
Cattle/sheep-> respiratory and CNS “cracker heels/roaring disease”
Horses/rodents-> CNS signs
Se accumulation
Acute-> GI and resp signs
Chronic -> hoof and hair deformities

22
Q

Alfalfa MOA and CS?

A

Phytoestrogen-> infertility in males and females

Se accumulation
Acute-> GI and resp signs
Chronic -> hoof and hair deformities

Nitrate accumulation-> methemoglobinemia
Acute -> abortions due to fetal methemoglobinemia
Chronic-> abortions due to decrease progesterone

Triterpenoid (strodial) saponins-> GI signs

Moldy-> forage induced photosensitization-> primary and 2nd to liver damage

23
Q

Bracken fern MOA and CS?

A

Ptaquiloside -> BM suppression, UT cancer (cows)
Aplastic anemia (cows/sheep), enzootic hematuria, renal/GI tumors (sheep)
Thiaminase-> neurotoxicity in monogastrics (also in horsetail)

24
Q

Agave lechugilla MOA and CS?

A

Steroidal saponins -> liver damage

Hepatogenic photosensitization

RUSVM Toxic Plants (8 decks)

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