Proteins

Question 1

Glycophosphatidylinositol

Answer 1

a glycolipid that can be attached to the C-terminus of a protein during posttranslational modification.

Question 2

type 1 protein

Answer 2

single membrane embedded protein with an N terminal exposed at the extracellular surface.

Question 3

type 2 protein

Answer 3

proteins with their N terminal exposed only on the cytoplasmic side.

Question 4

Acetylcholine

Answer 4

ACh, an organic, polyatomic cation that acts as a neurotransmitter in both the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS) in many organisms including humans.

Question 5

integral membrane proteins origin of synthesis

Answer 5

RER

Question 6

microsomes

Answer 6

vesicles reformed from pieces of the ER

Question 7

SRP

Answer 7

Signal recognition particle

Question 8

TRAM

Answer 8

translocating chain associated protein

Question 9

TRAP

Answer 9

translocon associated protein

Question 10

GDP

Answer 10

Guanosine diphosphate. GDP consists of the pyrophosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase guanine.

Question 11

GTP

Answer 11

Guanosine-5’-triphosphate. It can act as a substrate for the synthesis of RNA during the translation process.

Question 12

signal peptidase

Answer 12

enzyme that cleaves signal peptide, a peptide found at the N terminus of proteins in the secretory pathway.

Question 13

mannose

Answer 13

a sugar monomer, important in human metabolism, especially in the glycosylation of certain proteins.

Question 14

asparagine

Answer 14

Asn of the 20 most common amino acids on Earth. required in the nervous system.

Question 15

Autophosphorylation

Answer 15

is a type of post-translational modification of proteins.

Question 16

NCAM

Answer 16

Neural cell adhesion molecule

Question 17

COPs

Answer 17

Coat proteins required for the budding and fusion of protein through the golgi stacks or RER.

Question 18

ADP ribosylation factors (ARFs)

Answer 18

proteins that function as regulators of vesicular traffic and actin remodelling.

Question 19

GDP-GTP

Answer 19

important exchange necessary for vesicular traffic

Question 20

N-ethylmaleimide sensitive fusion protein

Answer 20

aids fusion of a vesicle to the target membrane

Question 21

SNAPs and SNAREs

Answer 21

soluble NSF attachment proteins and SNAP receptors

Question 22

How is fast secretion possible in neurons where the synapse may be more than a meter away from the protein synthesizing machinery?

Answer 22

synaptic vesicles are recycled and refilled rather than made anew.

Question 23

What are the parallel fast and slow secretory pathways of neurons?

Answer 23

fast: neurotransmitters like acetyl-choline glutamate. Slow: neuropeptides that are used only once.

Question 24

What coat proteins are required once past the TGN?

Answer 24

Adaptins, Adaptor protein complexes (APs)

Question 25

AP-1 and AP-2

Answer 25

clathrin coated vesicles

Question 26

AP-1 and AP-4

Answer 26

move vesicles between TGN and endosomes

Question 27

AP-3

Answer 27

moves vesicles from endosomes to lysosomes.

Question 28

2 types of membrane invagination on the surface of mammalian cells

Answer 28

Caveola (a threadlike protein caveolin) and Clathrin triskelions

Question 29

GTPase

Answer 29

a large family of enzymes that can bind to GTP

Question 30

dynamin

Answer 30

a type of GTPase responsible for endocytosis

Question 31

Leukodystrophy and Krabbe disease

Answer 31

dysmyleninating diseases

Question 32

hsp 60, hsp 70

Answer 32

proteins that bind to other proteins coming into mitochondrion and help maintain their shape.

Question 33

Synapsin

Answer 33

a cytoplasmic neuronal phosphoprotein that localizes and targets synaptic vesicles.

Question 34

proteasome

Answer 34

large protein complex within the nucleus that makes protein and is important for homeostasis in the CNS.

Question 35

kinases

Answer 35

enzymes that transfer phosphates from ATP to donor molecules

Question 36

MAP-1a/1b

Answer 36

microtubule associated proteins (1a:axons 1b:dendrites)

Question 37

MAP-2a/2b/2c

Answer 37

Dendrite specific MAPs. 2c for spines

Question 38

Katanin and Spastin

Answer 38

Microtubule severing proteins

Question 39

Kinesin-1

Answer 39

Plus-end directed motors that move organelles along microtubules in fast axonal transport

Question 40

axonemal dynein

Answer 40

minus-end directed motor proteins.

Question 41

myosin

Answer 41

molecular motor usually associated with muscles