Proteins Flashcards
Glycophosphatidylinositol
a glycolipid that can be attached to the C-terminus of a protein during posttranslational modification.
type 1 protein
single membrane embedded protein with an N terminal exposed at the extracellular surface.
type 2 protein
proteins with their N terminal exposed only on the cytoplasmic side.
Acetylcholine
ACh, an organic, polyatomic cation that acts as a neurotransmitter in both the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS) in many organisms including humans.
integral membrane proteins origin of synthesis
RER
microsomes
vesicles reformed from pieces of the ER
SRP
Signal recognition particle
TRAM
translocating chain associated protein
TRAP
translocon associated protein
GDP
Guanosine diphosphate. GDP consists of the pyrophosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase guanine.
GTP
Guanosine-5’-triphosphate. It can act as a substrate for the synthesis of RNA during the translation process.
signal peptidase
enzyme that cleaves signal peptide, a peptide found at the N terminus of proteins in the secretory pathway.
mannose
a sugar monomer, important in human metabolism, especially in the glycosylation of certain proteins.
asparagine
Asn of the 20 most common amino acids on Earth. required in the nervous system.
Autophosphorylation
is a type of post-translational modification of proteins.
NCAM
Neural cell adhesion molecule
COPs
Coat proteins required for the budding and fusion of protein through the golgi stacks or RER.
ADP ribosylation factors (ARFs)
proteins that function as regulators of vesicular traffic and actin remodelling.
GDP-GTP
important exchange necessary for vesicular traffic
N-ethylmaleimide sensitive fusion protein
aids fusion of a vesicle to the target membrane
SNAPs and SNAREs
soluble NSF attachment proteins and SNAP receptors
How is fast secretion possible in neurons where the synapse may be more than a meter away from the protein synthesizing machinery?
synaptic vesicles are recycled and refilled rather than made anew.
What are the parallel fast and slow secretory pathways of neurons?
fast: neurotransmitters like acetyl-choline glutamate. Slow: neuropeptides that are used only once.
What coat proteins are required once past the TGN?
Adaptins, Adaptor protein complexes (APs)
