Ch 7 Neurotransmitter signaling Flashcards
paracrine signalling
target cell is near the signaling cell
Glutamate
neurotransmitter important for learning and memory
GABA
inhibitory neurotransmitter
What are nonclassical transmitters made of?
peptides or gases
Substance P
peptide neurotransmitter– involved in pain signaling and mood disorders
neuropeptide Y
peptide neurotransmitter– increases food intake
bombesin
peptide neurotransmitter– decreases food intake
somatostatin
peptide neurotransmitter– regulates growth hormone release
Why are most synapses chemical?
presynaptic spike of 100mV could only transfer 1 mV over a gap junction
small clear vesicles store which neurotransmitters?
acetylcholine and glutamate
large dense vesicles store which neurotransmitters?
peptides
varicosities
like boutans that occur along fine axons
quantal content
the amount of vesicles released by a single impulse
How do calcium channels aid in transmission?
Vesicles require calcium for fusion
What does Ca2+ do in transmitter release?
electrical depolarization causes calcium to enter to bind to vesicles to trigger exocytosis
why are peptide vesicles released very slowly?
peptides must be synthesized in the ER
syntaxin
protein critical for some vesicle fusion
SNAP receptor (SNARE) complex: 3 synaptic proteins?
VAMP, syntaxin, synaptosome protein SNAP 25
What do SNAREs do?
Something after the arrival of a vesicle to release site, but before the fusion pore opens
NSF
N-Ethylmaleimide Sensitive Factor, an dATPase invloved in membrane trafficking
leading candidate for being the CA2+ trigger for exocytosis
synaptotagmin
Katz model
Action potential causes fusion of synaptic vesicles, quanta released
