Ch 9 Intracellular Signaling Flashcards
adenylate cyclase
effector enzyme which synthesizes cAMP by converting ATP in G-proteins.
How does adenylate cyclase function as a coincidence detector?
AC1 adenylate cyclase is stimulated by neurotransmitters or by a raise in Ca2+. AC2 adenylate cyclases are made only if the Beta section is from an abundant G-protein source.
Where is calcium stored in cells?
ER
Which enzyme synthesizes cAMP?
adenylate cyclase
Which enzyme synthesizes DAG and IP3?
Phospholipase C
Which secondary messengers activate protein kinases?
Ca2+, cAMP, DAG
What do kinases do?
phosphorylate key intercellular processes
Which mediator does Ca2+ activate?
Calmodulin
How is cGMP synthesized?
guanylate cyclase synthesizes cGMP from GTP.
Why is transducin important?
It is a specialized G-protein activated by photons.
The cAMP kinase is…
PKA
The cGMP kinase is …
PKG
PI kinase is …
PKC
What are the cognitive kinases?
PKA, PKC, CMKIII
What does repetition of PKA stimulation do?
encodes molecular memory so that it is persistently active.
