Ch 6 Neurotransmitters

Question 1

Curare

Answer 1

Blocks nerve to muscle signaling by binding to post synaptic acetylcholine receptors.

Question 2

5 criteria for neurotransmitters

Answer 2

synthesized by neurons. 2. released from nerve terminals in a chemically identifiable form. 3. should reproduce effects in the postsynaptic cell. 4. effects can be blocked by antagonists 5. should be active mechanisms to terminate the action of the neurotransmitter.

Question 3

5 steps of chemical neurotransmission

Answer 3

1. sythnesis in presynaptic neuron. 2. storage in nerve terminal 3. release into synaptic cleft. 4. Binding and recognition by target cell. 5. termination of action

Question 4

4 Classical neurotransmitters

Answer 4

catecholamines, serotonin, acetylcholine, GABA

Question 5

catecholamines

Answer 5

dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine

Question 6

precursors for catecholamines

Answer 6

phenylalanine and tyrosine

Question 7

how is catecholamine synthesis increased

Answer 7

new TH enzyme protein must be synthesized.

Question 8

AADC

Answer 8

Enzyme L-Aromatic Amino acid Decarboxylase, aka. DOPA decarboxylase.

Question 9

VMAT

Answer 9

Vesical monamine transporters, accumulate and release dopamine vesicles

Question 10

What does the exocytosis of catecholamine require?

Answer 10

Calcium (except in dendrites)

Question 11

MAOs

Answer 11

monomine oxidase, an enzyme that terminates catecholamine action.

Question 12

COMTs

Answer 12

Catechol-O-methyltransferase, an enzyme that terminates catecholamine action

Question 13

reserpine

Answer 13

depletes both seratonin and catecholamines in the brain.

Question 14

Serotonin

Answer 14

5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)

Question 15

tryptophan

Answer 15

an essential amino acid not made in the body

Question 16

Metabotropic receptors

Answer 16

Coupled with intracellular G proteins as effectors.

Question 17

Ionotropic receptors

Answer 17

Channels that let Na+ and Ca2+ into the neuron.

Question 18

Autoreceptor

Answer 18

Found on presynaptic neuron. Part of feedback loop.

Question 19

Heteroreceptor

Answer 19

Found on axons. Respond to the release of transmitters from a different axon

Question 20

Terminate neurotransmitter actions

Answer 20

Reuptake, enzymatic degradation, diffusion

Question 21

Precursors for catecholamine

Answer 21

Tyrosine and phenylalanine

Question 22

Catecholamines usually refer to the 3 neurotransmitters…

Answer 22

Dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine.

Question 23

Parkinson’s disease is due to a loss of …. And treated with ….

Answer 23

Dopamine, l-DOPA precursor goes in and is metabolized into dopamine.

Question 24

VMAT

Answer 24

Vesicular monamine transporters.

Question 25

MAO

Answer 25

Monamine oxidase