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Neuroscience > MCQs > Flashcards

MCQs Flashcards

1
Q

Gray’s Type 1 synapses are ___________ while Gray’s Type 2 synapses are____________.

A

asymmetric; symmetric

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2
Q

The action potential depends on the presence of extracellular ___________.

A

sodium

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3
Q

Antagonists of which receptor are used as antiemetics, anxiolytics, and antipsychotics?

A

5HT3

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4
Q

_________ is actively concentrated inside the cell and __________ outside.

A

Potassium in, Sodium and Calcium out

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5
Q

________________ is/are an example of a catecholamine neurotransmitter.

A

DA, NE, Epi

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6
Q

In general, which segment of a GPCR is responsible for specificity of the receptor?

A

3rd intracellular loop

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7
Q

The neurons of the substantia nigra are ____________ and contain the pigment ___________.

A

dopaminergic; neuromelanin

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8
Q

_____________ is the major excitatory transmitter in the brain and __________ is the major inhibitory transmitter.

A

Glutamate and GABA

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9
Q

Hodgkin and Huxley found that the resting membrane potential of the inside versus the outside of the axon is ___________.

A

-60mV

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10
Q

Endocannabinoids are ___________________.

A

hydrophobic, retrograde messengers,

found on both GABA and Glutamate nerve endings

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11
Q

What is Neurotensin?

A

Peptide neurotransmitter that requires calcium to be released.

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12
Q

Muscarinic ACh receptors are both _____

A

Presynaptic and postsynaptic

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13
Q

In mammals, at membrane potentials negative to –102 mV, K+ ions tend to flow ____ the cell; increasing the membrane conductance to K+ causes the membrane potential to become more ___________.

A

in; depolarized

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14
Q

Calcium currents ______________.

A

contribute to electrophysiological processes.

are important for 2nd messenger systems

voltage sensitive

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15
Q

________________ is involved in the enzymatic degradation of catecholamines.

A

MAO

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16
Q

Of the types of neuroglia, ___________ play a role in nerve growth while ___________ serve immune functions for neurons in the brain.

A

Astrocytes, microglia

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17
Q

The blood-brain barrier is formed by the encapsulation of ____________ by ___________ which creates selective permeation into the brain tissue.

A

capillaries; neuroglia

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18
Q

Purinergic receptors are ________ that bind ATP and __________.

A

GPCRs; adenosine

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19
Q

Which of these ions are permeated through 5HT3 ionotropic receptors?

A

Na+, K+

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20
Q

The basic structure of a neuron includes a cell body, a variable number of __________, and a single _________.

A

dendrites; axon

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21
Q

In the periphery, ______________ are the primary immune support for neurons.

A

Schwann Cells

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22
Q

Cystic fibrosis is caused by a mutation of a ____________ channel.

A

Chloride

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23
Q

Which part of a neuron is responsible for generating action potential?

A

axon hillock

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24
Q

Which of the following are important for the Nernst equation?

A

temperature, ionic concentration outside and inside the cell.

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25
Q

Myelin is synthesized in the periphery by _____________ and in the CNS by ___________.

A

Schwann cells; oligodendrocytes

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26
Q

The GABAA receptor is ____________ and is selective for __________.

A

ionotropic; anions

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27
Q

The rate of acetylcholine synthesis is determined by ______________.

A

choline

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28
Q

Tetraethylammonium (TEA) selectively blocks voltage-dependent _______ currents.

A

Potassium

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29
Q

Curare works by binding to the postsynaptic receptor for which neurotransmitter?

A

acetylcholine

30
Q

In general, GPCRs are comprised of ____________ polypeptide (s) and spans the membrane ________ times.

A

single, 7

31
Q

The active zone of a presynaptic neuron contains numerous ______________, and the membrane of this area is densely packed with ______________.

A

synaptic vesicles; calcium channels

32
Q

Norepinephrine is converted to epinephrine by ________________.

A

Phenylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase

33
Q

The nicotinic receptor, GABAA receptor, and the 5HT3 receptor are all

A

ionotropic

34
Q

Protein zero is the primary building block of

A

peripheral myelin.

35
Q

Vesicular monoamine transporters are inhibited by _______________.

A

Reserpine

36
Q

The ____________ determines the quantity and connections that a neuron makes.

A

dendritic tree

37
Q

NOS is activated by ________________.

A

Ca++ binding to calmodulin

38
Q

The capillary endothelial cells in the brain contribute to the blood-brain barrier through use of

A

tight junctions

39
Q

The ____________ refers to the membrane potential following an action potential that typically becomes more negative than the original value.

A

after hyper-polarization

40
Q

Which enzyme that catalyzes monoamine synthesis is found in dopamine neurons?

A

monoamine oxidase

41
Q

GABAergic interneurons of the cerebellar and cerebral cortex are fall into which category of neurons?

A

inhibitory with local contacts

42
Q

Which of these is a connection between populations of neurons projecting from one brain region to another?

A

macrocircuit

43
Q

The synaptic cleft is bounded on one side by the presynaptic ____________ and the other with the postsynaptic _________.

A

terminal bouton; dendrites

44
Q

Muscarinic ACh and beta adrenergic receptors are

A

GPCRs.

45
Q

Action potentials are produced through an increase in ________ conductance followed by an increase in ________ conductance.

A

Sodium, potassium

46
Q

Low threshold calcium currents have a threshold of ________ mV.

A
  • 65
47
Q

Neurons that spontaneously generate action potentials at low frequencies (1-10 Hz) are associated with ____________.

A

ACh

48
Q

NMDA receptors require which of these in order to open their channels?

A

glutamate binding and depolarization

49
Q

The nicotinic receptor is selectively permeable to ___________ due to its structure creating a _________ charged pore.

A

cations, negatively

50
Q

The brain accounts for _______ percent of the total serotonin found in the body.

A

1

51
Q

The membrane potential where there is no net flow of ions is known as ____________.

A

equilibrium potential

52
Q

The voltage-sensitive K+ current that regulates the responsiveness of the neuron to depolarizing inputs is known as the _____ current.

A

m

53
Q

D1-like receptors _________ adenylate cyclase and D2-like receptors _________ adenylate cyclase.

A

activate, inhibit

54
Q

Prozac works by blocking _____________.

A

DAT and SERT

55
Q

Neuropeptide receptors are

A

GPCRs

56
Q

When a GPCR is activated, it couples to a _____________ initiating the exchange of ______________.

A

G-protein; GDP for GTP

57
Q

Dopamine is converted to norepinephrine by ________________.

A

Dopamine 3-Hydroxylase

58
Q

Catacholamines are release peripherally by___________________.

A

Tyramine

59
Q

Calcium ion permeability of neuronal nicotinic receptors is__________ compared to muscle nicotinic receptors?

A

higher

60
Q

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) selectively blocks voltage-dependent _______ currents.

A

sodium

61
Q

High threshold calcium channels have ____ homologous domains, each with ____ regions.

A

four; six

62
Q

Which of these are excitatory projection neurons?

A

pyramidal cells

63
Q

A single GPCR can activate _______ G-protein (s).

A

many

64
Q

Acetycholinesterase is responsible for the____________ of acetylcholine.

A

inactivation

65
Q

Which of these is a local inhibitory interneuron of the cerebral cortex?

A

basket cell, double bouquet, chandelier cell

66
Q

Action potential transmission in myelinated neurons propagates very rapidly due to its ability to ‘leap’ down the axon on the ___________ that occur between ___________.

A

Nodes of Ranvier; myelin internodes

67
Q

Glycine receptors are __________ located in the spinal cord and brain stem and are selectively permeable to _________.

A

inhibitory; calcium ions

68
Q

Nicotinic receptors open in response to the binding of _____ acetylcholine molecules that produces a conformational change in the _______ subunit.

A

two; TM2

69
Q

Desensitization of GPCRs occurs when PKA or PKC _________ sites on the _______ intracellular loop.

A

phosphorylates; third

70
Q

High-affinity neuronal reuptake of neurotransmitters requires ______.

A

Na+ K+ Cl-

71
Q

The absolute refractory period is mediated by the inactivation of ____channels.

A

Na+

72
Q

At normal resting membrane potential, NMDA receptors are blocked by

A

Mg

Neuroscience (12 decks)

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