PROTEINS Flashcards
What type of bond is present in proteins?
peptide bonds
Most plasma proteins are synthesized in the ________:
Liver
What are the plasma proteins that are not synthesized in the liver?
Immunoglobulins and vWF
The nitrogen content of serum proteins is on average of approximately ___%:
16%
Site of protein synthesis within the cell:
Ribosomes
aka transthyretin; negative acute phase reactant; marker for poor nutritional status:
Prealbumin
Present in highest concentration in serum; represents 2/3 of total protein; provide nearly 80% of colloid osmotic pressure of intravascular fluid; increases only in DEHYDRATION:
Albumin
If albumin represents 2/3 of total protein while globulin represents 1/3 of total protein, then what is the A:G ratio?
Normal A:G ratio = 2:1
how many percent of total calcium binds to albumin?
50% of calcium binds to albumin
What is the common manifestation of hypoalbuminemia:
Edema
Albumin increases only in:
Dehydration
Inhibits elastase; causes emphysema in this protein is deficient:
Alpha-1-antitrypsin
Produced by fetal liver; elevation of this protein is associated in neural tube defect/presence of twins:
Alpha-1-fetoprotein
Low levels of a1-fetoprotein can increase risk for:
Down syndrome (trisomy 21)
a1-fetoprotein can be used as a tumor marker for:
Hepatocellular carcinoma and some testicular carcinomas
Copper-containing protein; used in diagnosis of Wilson’s disease:
Ceruloplasmin
In Wilson’s disease, ceruloplasmin levels are
a. elevated
b. decreased
b. decreased
What do you call the deposition of copper in the cornea manifested by ceruloplasmin deficiency?
Kayser-Fleischer rings
Large protein that inhibits proteases; Increased in Nephrotic syndrome due to large size that aids in its retention:
Alpha-2-macroglobulin
Manifestations of Nephrotic syndrome:
- Massive proteinuria
- Hypoalbuminemia
- Hypogammaglobulinemia
- Hypercoagulable state
- Hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia (oval fat bodies)
Protein that binds free hemoglobin to prevent loss of hgb and its constituent iron into urine; used primarily to detect and evaluate anemia:
Haptoglobin
In Intravascular Hemolysis, haptoglobin ________.
a. increases
b. decreases
c. doesn’t change
a. increases
Protein that scavenge heme released/lost by the turnover of heme proteins; diagnostic of HA in low levels:
Hemopexin
Protein that transports two (2) molecules of ferric iron; a negative acute phase reactant:
Transferrin
