Proteins Flashcards
What are proteins made up of?
Polymers made up of many amino acids
Proteins are also known as polypeptides.
What is a polypeptide?
A polymer made up of many amino acids
What are the three groups contained in all amino acids?
- Carboxyl group
- Amino group
- Variable (R) group
How many different amino acids are there?
20
What do R-groups change in amino acids?
The properties of the amino acid
What type of bond joins adjacent amino acids?
Peptide bonds
What is a dipeptide?
Two amino acids joined together
How is a dipeptide formed?
During a condensation reaction forming a peptide bond
What are the four different levels of protein structure?
- Primary
- Secondary
- Tertiary
- Quaternary
What does the primary structure of a protein refer to?
The order of amino acids in a polypeptide
What types of structures are included in the secondary structure of proteins?
- α-helix
- β-pleated sheet
How do secondary structures form?
Via hydrogen bonds
What defines the tertiary structure of a protein?
The final 3D structure of a polypeptide caused by further folding
What interactions contribute to the tertiary structure?
- Hydrogen bonds (polar groups)
- Ionic bonds (charged groups)
- Disulfide bridges (groups containing S)
- Hydrophobic regions
What is the quaternary structure of a protein?
The joining of multiple polypeptides together
