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Biology (Biological Molecules) > Polysaccharides > Flashcards

Polysaccharides Flashcards

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1
Q

What are polysaccharides?

A

Long chains of sugars

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2
Q

Name three examples of polysaccharides.

A
  • Starch
  • Glycogen
  • Cellulose
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3
Q

What type of glucose is starch made of?

A

α-glucose

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4
Q

What type of glucose is cellulose made of?

A

β-glucose

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5
Q

Are polysaccharides soluble or insoluble?

A

Insoluble

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6
Q

What is the primary function of starch and glycogen?

A

Energy-storage molecules

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7
Q

Where is starch primarily found?

A

In plants

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8
Q

Where is glycogen primarily found?

A

In animals

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9
Q

What are the two forms of starch?

A
  • Amylose
  • Amylopectin
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10
Q

How does glycogen’s structure differ from amylopectin?

A

Glycogen is more heavily branched and has shorter chains

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11
Q

Why are polysaccharides insoluble?

A

To prevent decreasing the water potential of the cell

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12
Q

What allows amylose to be compact?

A

It coils

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13
Q

What is the biochemical test for starch?

A

Using iodine solution

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14
Q

What color change indicates the presence of starch when tested with iodine?

A

blue-black

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15
Q

What structural feature of cellulose results in straight and unbranched chains?

A

Alternating glycosidic bonds

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16
Q

What type of bonds form between parallel cellulose chains?

A

Weak hydrogen bonds

17
Q

What is the main function of cellulose in plants?

A

To provide structure and support to cell walls

18
Q

What is a similarity between the structures of cellulose and glycogen?

A

Both contain glycosidic bonds

19
Q

What is a difference between cellulose and glycogen regarding glucose type?

A

Glycogen is made of α-glucose, cellulose is made of β-glucose

20
Q

True or False: Glycogen is unbranched.

A

False

21
Q

Fill in the blank: The exoskeletons of many animals are largely composed of the polysaccharide _______.

A

chitin

22
Q

How do cellulose chains contribute to their strength?

A

They form microfibrils with many hydrogen bonds

23
Q

How do you perform the starch test?

A
  1. food sample into a test tube
  2. add few drops of iodine
    3.if starch is present it turns blue-black, if not it turns orange.

Biology (Biological Molecules) (9 decks)

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