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Biology (Biological Molecules) > Nucleic acid > Flashcards

Nucleic acid Flashcards

1
Q

what is DNA?

A

deoxyribonucleic acid and it stores genetic info

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2
Q

What is RNA?

A

ribonucleic acid which transfers genetic info from the DNA to the ribosomes

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3
Q

what is the basic structure of all Nucleotides?

A

one phosphate group, pentose sugar, nitrogenous base

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4
Q

what is the pentose sugar in DNA?

A

pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose.

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5
Q

what is the pentose sugar in RNA called?

A

Ribose

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6
Q

what are the three nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA?

A

Cystonine, guanine, adenine.

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7
Q

what does DNA also contain?

A

Thymine

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8
Q

what does RNA also contain?

A

Urcail

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9
Q

what is the difference between the structure of RNA and DNA?

A
  1. RNA forms a single helix whereas DNA forms a double helix.
  2. RNA has one strand whereas DNA has two strands.
  3. RNA has a ribose pentose sugar whereas DNA has a deoxyribose pentose sugar
  4. RNA contains urcail whereas DNA contains thymine
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10
Q

how are the adjacent nucleotides in helixs held togethere?

A

by phosphodiester bonds

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11
Q

how is the structure of DNA?

A

its antiparallel - the strands run in opposite directions

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12
Q

how is DNA double helix?

A

due to hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs.

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13
Q

what does adenine pair with in DNA?

A

thymine

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14
Q

what does cystonine pair with?

A

Guanine

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15
Q

what are the types of RNA?

A

MRNA (messenger)
TRNA (transfer)
RRNA (ribosomal - used to make ribosomes)

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16
Q

what is the role of a stingle stranded DNA fragment?

A

acts as a template , determining the order of nucleotides

17
Q

what is the role of dna nucleotides?

A

is to form complementary base pairs (remember to be specific with answers)

18
Q

two scientist who discovered the model of DNA?

A

watson and crick

19
Q

two structures of dna and why are they important to semi-conservative replication?

A
  • weak easily broken hydrogen bonds (by dna helicase)
  • complementary base pairing allows for accurate replication
20
Q

why can nucleotides only be added in a 5’ to 3’ direction?

A
  • DNA polymerase is specific, only complementary can bind to 5’ ends, 5’ ends and 3’ ends differ
21
Q

Differences between the structure of ATP and DNA?

A
  • DNA has one phosphate group whereas ATP has three.
  • DNA has a deoxyribose sugar whereas ATP has a ribose sugar.

Biology (Biological Molecules) (10 decks)

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