Proteins

Question 1

The word proteins was coined by a Dutch chemist?

Answer 1

G. J. Mulder

Question 2

The word proteins was coined by a Dutch chemist G. J. Mulder and originated from the Greek word?

Answer 2

“proteios”

Question 3

The word proteins was coined by a Dutch chemist G. J. Mulder and originated from the Greek word “proteios”, meaning?

Answer 3

first or most important

Question 4

are organic compounds made up of different building blocks (basic units) called amino acids joined together by peptide bonds.

Answer 4

Proteins

Question 5

Proteins are organic compounds made up of different building blocks (basic units) called?

Answer 5

amino acids

Question 6

Proteins are organic compounds made up of different building blocks (basic units) called amino acids joined together by what bond?

Answer 6

peptide bonds

Question 7

contains one peptide bond and two amino acids

Answer 7

dipeptide

Question 8

contains three amino acids and two peptide bonds.

Answer 8

tripeptide

Question 9

peptide with more than ten amino acids is called?

Answer 9

polypeptide

Question 10

The structure of a protein is determined first by the sequence of individual amino acids it has in the polypeptide chain. This is also called?

Answer 10

The primary structure of the protein

Question 11

are vital for life and are the major structural components of animal tissues

Answer 11

Proteins

Question 12

proteins are also involved in?

Answer 12

• biochemical (e.g., enzymes),
• immunological (e.g., immunoglobulins)
• transportational (e.g., lipoproteins)
• regulatory (e.g., hormones) activities

Question 13

can also provide energy when needed.

Answer 13

Proteins

Question 14

Many of the structures in animal tissue (e.g., muscle) and metabolic reactions in our body (e.g., enzymes, hormones) are catalyzed by

Answer 14

proteins

Question 15

This synthesis is essential for maintaining life process

Answer 15

protein synthesis

Question 16

Provision of adequate dietary protein and amino acids are essential for maintaining growth, health, and productivity of?

Answer 16

food-producing animals.

Question 17

can synthesize proteins from nonprotein sources in ruminant animals.

Answer 17

Intestinal microflora

Question 18

vary with life stages and are high during phases of fast growth in young animals and during pregnancy and lactation.

Answer 18

Protein requirements

Question 19

Like other macronutrients, proteins contain?

Answer 19

carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.

Question 20

also contain nitrogen and sulfur

Answer 20

proteins

Question 21

makes proteins very unique in animal nutrition with respect to its digestibility, metabolism, and disposal within the animal body

Answer 21

nitrogen

Question 22

can be classified based on their shape; solubility in water, salt, acid, base, or alcohol; or according to the nature of the prosthetic group

Answer 22

Proteins

Question 23

This proteins are soluble in water or dilute acids, bases, or alcohol

Answer 23

Globular proteins

Question 24

(water soluble; present as albumen in egg white; in blood circulation, it performs various functions [e.g., as a carrier of lipids])

Answer 24

Albumin

Question 25

This protein are insoluble in water and are resistant to digestive enzymes

Answer 25

Fibrous proteins

Question 26

(can be converted to gelatin when heated; present in bone, teeth, tendons, and soft connective tissue)

Answer 26

Collagen

Question 27

An examples of this protein are wool, hair, feather, hooves, horn

Answer 27

Keratins

Question 28

This protein contain other nonprotein compounds in structure.

Answer 28

Conjugated proteins

Question 29

(lipid-carrying protein)

Answer 29

Lipoproteins

Question 30

(proteins with heme units)

Answer 30

Hemoprotein

Question 31

(proteins with sugar)

Answer 31

Glycoproteins

Question 32

(proteins bound to nucleic acid)

Answer 32

Nucleoprotein

Question 33

These proteins have limited nutritional value but are important in biochemical, structural, and other metabolic functions.

Answer 33

- Globular proteins - Fibrous proteins - Conjugated proteins

Question 34

is high in protein (keratin) but very low in digestibility and is of limited use in animal nutrition as a feed ingredient.

Answer 34

feather meal

Question 35

Amino acids in the polypeptide chain in feather meal forms what bond?

Answer 35

disulfide bonds (-S-S-)

Question 36

which twist the polypeptide chain into a specific coiled structure such as helix or sheet

Answer 36

disulfide bonds (-S-S-)

Question 37

What term is used describes the specific coiled shapes, like helixes or sheets, that amino acid chains form due to disulfide bonds in proteins?

Answer 37

secondary structure

Question 38

These bonds make hooves and horns tough and harder to digest.

Answer 38

disulfide bonds (-S-S-)

Question 39

When proteins are heated, their secondary structure changes because the heat breaks the weak bonds holding them together. This change is called?

Answer 39

denaturation

Question 40

What term describes proteins in feed, such as trypsin inhibitor in soybean meal, that can interfere with digestion?

Answer 40

Antinutritional factor.

Question 41

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Answer 41

Amino acids

Question 42

How many different amino acids known to exist in nature

Answer 42

More than 300

Question 43

How many amino acids are important constituents of animal proteins and are associated with muscles, connective tissues, skin, feathers, horns, blood, enzymes, and hormones

Answer 43

20

Question 44

How many amino acids that should be present in the diet of animals because animal tissues cannot synthesize them or cannot make the adequate amount needed for metabolic functions

Answer 44

About 10

Question 45

There about 10 amino acids that should be present in the diet of animals because animal tissues cannot synthesize them or cannot make the adequate amount needed for metabolic functions; these are called?

Answer 45

essential amino acids

Question 46

These amino acids do not occur in animal tissues but are involved in cellular metabolic functions.

Answer 46

citrulline and ornithine

Question 47

All amino acids by definition contain at least one?

Answer 47

amino group (-NH2) and one carboxyl group (–COOH)

Question 48

This amino acid is lacking a free amino group.

Answer 48

Proline(imino acid)

Question 49

the simplest of the amino acids

Answer 49

glycine

Question 50

is the remainder of the molecule or any other group attached to the C atom.

Answer 50

R group

Question 51

What is the R group of Glycine?

Answer 51

H group

Question 52

provides basic properties to the amino acid

Answer 52

amino group (NH2)

Question 53

provides acidic properties to the amino acid

Answer 53

carboxyl (COOH) group

Question 54

What type of amino acids are important in animal nutrition?

Answer 54

Alpha (α) amino acids

Question 55

What group makes alpha amino acids acidic?

Answer 55

Carboxylic acid group

Question 56

What group makes alpha amino acids basic?

Answer 56

Amino group

Question 57

To which carbon is the amino group attached in alpha amino acids?

Answer 57

The α-carbon (first carbon)

Question 58

Amino acids can exist in two isomeric forms, the?

Answer 58

D- and L-isomers

Question 59

The D- and L-amino acids differ in their configuration of groups around the?

Answer 59

asymmetric α-carbon

Question 60

This isomeric form of amino acid are used in protein synthesis

Answer 60

L-amino acids

Question 61

Only L-amino acids are used in protein synthesis, except?

Answer 61

methionine

Question 62

is commonly used as an amino acid supplement in animal feeds.

Answer 62

DL methionine

Question 63

All amino acids contain an asymmetric α-carbon (with four different chemical groups attached to it) except?

Answer 63

glycine

Question 64

Compounds with asymmetric carbons can exist as?

Answer 64

isomers

Question 65

amino acids need to be provided through diet in monogastric animals; these are called?

Answer 65

essential (indispensable) amino acids.

Question 66

Pigs, dogs, and humans need a total of how many essential amino acids?

Answer 66

10

Question 67

chickens and cats need a total of how many essential amino acids?

Answer 67

11

Question 68

List of Essential Amino Acids and Their Common Abbreviations:

Answer 68

Arginine (Arg) Histidine (His) Lysine (Lys) Isoleucine (Ile) Leucine (Leu) Methionine (Met) Phenylalanine (Phe) Threonine (Thr) Tryptophan (Try) Valine (Val)

Question 69

Arg essentially and classification?

Answer 69

E & basic

Question 70

His essentially and classification?

Answer 70

E & basic

Question 71

Lys essentially and classification?

Answer 71

E & basic

Question 72

Asp essentially and classification?

Answer 72

NE & acidic

Question 73

Glu essentially and classification?

Answer 73

NE & adidic

Question 74

Ala essentially and classification?

Answer 74

NE & aliphatic straigh chain

Question 75

Gly essentially and classification?

Answer 75

E( chickens ) & netrual - aliphatic - straight chain

Question 76

Ilu essentially and classification?

Answer 76

E & branched chain

Question 77

Leu essentially and classification?

Answer 77

E & branched chain

Question 78

Val essentially and classification?

Answer 78

E & branched chain

Question 79

Thr essentially and classification?

Answer 79

E & branched chain

Question 80

Ser essentially and classification?

Answer 80

NE & hydroxy

Question 81

Cys essentially and classification?

Answer 81

NE & sulfur-contaning

Question 82

Met essentially and classification?

Answer 82

E & sulfur-containing

Question 83

Phe essentially and classification?

Answer 83

E & aromatic

Question 84

Try essentially and classification?

Answer 84

E & aromatic

Question 85

Tyr essentially and classification?

Answer 85

NE & aromatic

Question 86

Hydro essentially and classification?

Answer 86

NE & imino acid

Question 87

Pro essentially and classification?

Answer 87

NE & imino acid