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Zootech 102 > Proteins > Flashcards

Proteins Flashcards

1
Q

The word proteins was coined by a Dutch chemist?

A

G. J. Mulder

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2
Q

The word proteins was coined by a Dutch chemist G. J. Mulder and originated from the Greek word?

A

“proteios”

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3
Q

The word proteins was coined by a Dutch chemist G. J. Mulder and originated from the Greek word “proteios”, meaning?

A

first or most important

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4
Q

are organic compounds made up of different building blocks (basic units) called amino acids joined together by peptide bonds.

A

Proteins

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5
Q

Proteins are organic compounds made up of different building blocks (basic units) called?

A

amino acids

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6
Q

Proteins are organic compounds made up of different building blocks (basic units) called amino acids joined together by what bond?

A

peptide bonds

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7
Q

contains one peptide bond and two amino acids

A

dipeptide

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8
Q

contains three amino acids and two peptide bonds.

A

tripeptide

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9
Q

peptide with more than ten amino acids is called?

A

polypeptide

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10
Q

The structure of a protein is determined first by the sequence of individual amino acids it has in the polypeptide chain. This is also called?

A

The primary structure of the protein

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11
Q

are vital for life and are the major structural components of animal tissues

A

Proteins

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12
Q

proteins are also involved in?

A
  • biochemical (e.g., enzymes),
  • immunological (e.g., immunoglobulins)
  • transportational (e.g., lipoproteins)
  • regulatory (e.g., hormones) activities
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13
Q

can also provide energy when needed.

A

Proteins

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14
Q

Many of the structures in animal tissue (e.g., muscle) and metabolic reactions in our body (e.g., enzymes, hormones) are catalyzed by

A

proteins

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15
Q

This synthesis is essential for maintaining life process

A

protein synthesis

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16
Q

Provision of adequate dietary protein and amino acids are essential for maintaining growth, health, and productivity of?

A

food-producing animals.

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17
Q

can synthesize proteins from nonprotein sources in ruminant animals.

A

Intestinal microflora

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18
Q

vary with life stages and are high during phases of fast growth in young animals and during pregnancy and lactation.

A

Protein requirements

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19
Q

Like other macronutrients, proteins contain?

A

carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.

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20
Q

also contain nitrogen and sulfur

A

proteins

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21
Q

makes proteins very unique in animal nutrition with respect to its digestibility, metabolism, and disposal within the animal body

A

nitrogen

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22
Q

can be classified based on their shape; solubility in water, salt, acid, base, or alcohol; or according to the nature of the prosthetic group

A

Proteins

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23
Q

This proteins are soluble in water or dilute acids, bases, or alcohol

A

Globular proteins

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24
Q

(water soluble; present as albumen in egg white; in blood circulation, it performs various functions [e.g., as a carrier of lipids])

A

Albumin

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25
Q

This protein are insoluble in water and are resistant to digestive enzymes

A

Fibrous proteins

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26
Q

(can be converted to gelatin when heated; present in bone, teeth, tendons, and soft connective tissue)

A

Collagen

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27
Q

An examples of this protein are wool, hair, feather, hooves, horn

A

Keratins

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28
Q

This protein contain other nonprotein compounds in structure.

A

Conjugated proteins

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29
Q

(lipid-carrying protein)

A

Lipoproteins

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30
Q

(proteins with heme units)

A

Hemoprotein

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31
Q

(proteins with sugar)

A

Glycoproteins

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32
Q

(proteins bound to nucleic acid)

A

Nucleoprotein

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33
Q

These proteins have limited nutritional value but are important in biochemical, structural, and other metabolic functions.

A
  • Globular proteins
  • Fibrous proteins
  • Conjugated proteins
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34
Q

is high in protein (keratin) but very low in digestibility and is of limited use in animal nutrition as a feed ingredient.

A

feather meal

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35
Q

Amino acids in the polypeptide chain in feather meal forms what bond?

A

disulfide bonds (-S-S-)

36
Q

which twist the polypeptide chain into a specific coiled structure such as helix or sheet

A

disulfide bonds (-S-S-)

37
Q

What term is used describes the specific coiled shapes, like helixes or sheets, that amino acid chains form due to disulfide bonds in proteins?

A

secondary structure

38
Q

These bonds make hooves and horns tough and harder to digest.

A

disulfide bonds (-S-S-)

39
Q

When proteins are heated, their secondary structure changes because the heat breaks the weak bonds holding them together. This change is called?

A

denaturation

40
Q

What term describes proteins in feed, such as trypsin inhibitor in soybean meal, that can interfere with digestion?

A

Antinutritional factor.

41
Q

What are the building blocks of proteins?

A

Amino acids

42
Q

How many different amino acids known to exist in nature

A

More than 300

43
Q

How many amino acids are important constituents of animal proteins and are associated with muscles, connective tissues, skin, feathers, horns, blood, enzymes, and hormones

A

20

44
Q

How many amino acids that should be present in the diet of animals because animal tissues cannot synthesize them or cannot make the adequate amount needed for metabolic functions

A

About 10

45
Q

There about 10 amino acids that should be present in the diet of animals because animal tissues cannot synthesize them or cannot make the adequate amount needed for metabolic functions; these are called?

A

essential amino acids

46
Q

These amino acids do not occur in animal tissues but are involved in cellular metabolic functions.

A

citrulline and ornithine

47
Q

All amino acids by definition contain at least one?

A

amino group (-NH2) and one carboxyl group (–COOH)

48
Q

This amino acid is lacking a free amino group.

A

Proline(imino acid)

49
Q

the simplest of the amino acids

A

glycine

50
Q

is the remainder of the molecule or any other group attached to the C atom.

A

R group

51
Q

What is the R group of Glycine?

A

H group

52
Q

provides basic properties to the amino acid

A

amino group (NH2)

53
Q

provides acidic properties to the amino acid

A

carboxyl (COOH) group

54
Q

What type of amino acids are important in animal nutrition?

A

Alpha (α) amino acids

55
Q

What group makes alpha amino acids acidic?

A

Carboxylic acid group

56
Q

What group makes alpha amino acids basic?

A

Amino group

57
Q

To which carbon is the amino group attached in alpha amino acids?

A

The α-carbon (first carbon)

58
Q

Amino acids can exist in two isomeric forms, the?

A

D- and L-isomers

59
Q

The D- and L-amino acids differ in their configuration of groups around the?

A

asymmetric α-carbon

60
Q

This isomeric form of amino acid are used in protein synthesis

A

L-amino acids

61
Q

Only L-amino acids are used in protein synthesis, except?

A

methionine

62
Q

is commonly used as an amino acid supplement in animal feeds.

A

DL methionine

63
Q

All amino acids contain an asymmetric α-carbon (with four different chemical groups attached to it) except?

A

glycine

64
Q

Compounds with asymmetric carbons can exist as?

A

isomers

65
Q

amino acids need to be provided through diet in monogastric animals; these are called?

A

essential (indispensable) amino acids.

66
Q

Pigs, dogs, and humans need a total of how many essential amino acids?

A

10

67
Q

chickens and cats need a total of how many essential amino acids?

A

11

68
Q

List of Essential Amino Acids and Their Common Abbreviations:

A

Arginine (Arg)
Histidine (His)
Lysine (Lys)
Isoleucine (Ile)
Leucine (Leu)
Methionine (Met)
Phenylalanine (Phe)
Threonine (Thr)
Tryptophan (Try)
Valine (Val)

69
Q

Arg essentially and classification?

A

E & basic

70
Q

His essentially and classification?

A

E & basic

71
Q

Lys essentially and classification?

A

E & basic

72
Q

Asp essentially and classification?

A

NE & acidic

73
Q

Glu essentially and classification?

A

NE & adidic

74
Q

Ala essentially and classification?

A

NE & aliphatic straigh chain

75
Q

Gly essentially and classification?

A

E( chickens ) & netrual - aliphatic - straight chain

76
Q

Ilu essentially and classification?

A

E & branched chain

77
Q

Leu essentially and classification?

A

E & branched chain

78
Q

Val essentially and classification?

A

E & branched chain

79
Q

Thr essentially and classification?

A

E & branched chain

80
Q

Ser essentially and classification?

A

NE & hydroxy

81
Q

Cys essentially and classification?

A

NE & sulfur-contaning

82
Q

Met essentially and classification?

A

E & sulfur-containing

83
Q

Phe essentially and classification?

A

E & aromatic

84
Q

Try essentially and classification?

A

E & aromatic

85
Q

Tyr essentially and classification?

A

NE & aromatic

86
Q

Hydro essentially and classification?

A

NE & imino acid

87
Q

Pro essentially and classification?

A

NE & imino acid

Zootech 102 (12 decks)

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